Hānau ʻia ma Bra, kūpono kona mākaukau i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ʻo ia a me kāna mau hoa hana i ka Hui Hoa o Barolo. Ua hana ka hui i kahi papa inoa o nā waina, me nā pepa ʻikepili me ka moʻolelo o kēlā me kēia lepili i lilo i alakaʻi Vini d'Italia.
Komo ka waina i ka politika
Ma Italia, ʻike ʻo Petrini i ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai wikiwiki ʻAmelika i ka weliweli.
Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā kuʻuna meaʻai kūloko, a ua nalowale ka mahalo i ka "ʻai maikaʻi". I ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi kūʻē kūʻē ma Italia (1986), e koi ana i ka wehe ʻana i kahi McDonald's kokoke i nā ʻanuʻu Spanish kahiko ma Roma.
I ka makahiki hoʻokahi (1986), 23 poʻe i make i ka inu ʻana i ka waina i moe kolohe ʻia me ka methyl alcohol (he kemika i loaʻa i ka antifreeze). Ua hoʻoluliluli kēia mea ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻoihana waina ʻItalia a ua koi ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā waina a pau a hiki i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana. Ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i nā waina Italia me ka methyl, a i ʻole ka lāʻau, ka waiʻona e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻona o ka waina i ka awelika o 12 pakeneka.
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka haumia i loko o nā waina Italia maikaʻi i lawe pinepine ʻia i USA ma lalo o nā lepili i kaha ʻia ʻo DOC (Denominazione de Origine Controllata), e kuhikuhi ana i nā kānāwai Italia e hoʻomalu ana i nā waina maikaʻi mai ka māla waina ma o ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hōʻino i nā waina nui liʻiliʻi i kūʻai ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e pili ana no ka hui ʻana me kā lākou waina kūloko. ʻO nā waina kūʻai ʻole, unpedigreed i kūʻai ʻia e like me vina di tavola no ka lawe ʻana aku i ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina ma nā kumukūʻai kūʻai ʻole, ʻaʻole i kūʻai nui ʻia a ʻo nā waina hoʻohālikelike wale nō ke loaʻa ka waiwai.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano weliweli o ka hewa i leeched i loko o ka ʻoihana waina Italia holoʻokoʻa, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ka hanana i kēlā me kēia huahana waina a me nā mea hana.
Ma muli o ka make ʻana, ua pāpā ʻo Denemaka i ka lawe ʻana mai i ka waina Italia a pau, e hahai ana i nā wāwae o Kelemānia Komohana a me Belgium. Ua hopu ʻo Switzerland ma luna o 1 miliona mau galani o ka waina i manaʻo ʻia, a ua hopu ʻo Farani i 4.4 miliona mau galani, me ka hoʻolaha ʻana e luku ʻia ma kahi o 1.3 miliona mau galani i ʻike ʻia ua haumia. Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo aupuni i nā mea kūʻai aku ma Beretania a me Austria.
ʻO nā mea a pau, ma nā wahi a pau, ua hoʻokūkū i ka hilinaʻi o ka waina Italia, e hāpai ana i ka ʻike hou o ka ʻoihana ma nā ʻāpana āpau.
Ke kiʻi nei iā ia
I ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hopu ʻana o Farani a me Kelemania i ka nui o ka waina ʻino, ua hoʻopuka ke Kuhina Mahiai o Italia i kahi kauoha e pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā waina Italia a pau e ke keʻena hana aupuni a lawe i kahi palapala hōʻoia ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana i waho.
ʻO kēia koi ka mea i hoʻokuʻu hou aku i ka waina ʻItalia, a ua ʻae ke aupuni mai loko mai o 12,585 mau laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia he 274 i loko o ka nui o ka methyl alcohol (NY Times, ʻApelila 9, 1986).
I ka makahiki 1988, ua paʻi ʻo Arcigola Slow Food a me Gambero Rosso i ka paʻi mua o ke alakaʻi Vini d'Italia. Ua ukali ʻia kēia palapala i ka makahiki 1992 me ka paʻi mua o Guida al Vino Quotidiano (Alakaʻi i ka waina o kēlā me kēia lā), i loaʻa nā loiloi o nā waina Italia maikaʻi loa mai ka hiʻohiʻona waiwai-no-kālā.
Ua lilo ia i mea kōkua waiwai no nā koho waina i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka 21st kenekulia (2004), ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka Waina Bank e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻoilina waina Italia ma o nā papa hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i nā waina i manaʻo ʻia no ka ʻelemakule. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope (2007), Vignerons dʻEurope, ma Montpelier, ua hoʻolauleʻa ka Salon du Gout et des Saveurs dʻOrigine i 100 mau makahiki mai ke kipi ʻana o nā mea kanu waina Languedoc.
ʻO ka paʻi mua o nā Vinerons d'Europe i hoʻohui i nā haneli o nā mea inu waina ʻEulopa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i nā pilikia i hana ʻia e kahi honua i ʻoi aku ka honua, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pilikia e kū nei i ka ʻoihana waina mai ka manaʻo o ka hopena waiwai a me ka maka lehulehu o nā waina Italia.
He Hoololi Manao. Waiona lohi
A hiki i kēia manawa, ua loiloi ʻia nā waina ma ka helu. Mai Robert Parker a me nā loiloi like, ua aʻo nā mea kūʻai i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā helu, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu Parker, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻai ʻana i kēlā waina kikoʻī.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hana māla waina i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu, nā pesticides, a me nā fungicides e pale aku i nā pests, nā maʻi, a me nā ʻōpala i hoʻopilikia i ka huahana waina.
Eia naʻe, hoʻopōʻino nā mea kanu lāʻau synthetic i ke kaiapuni a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lepo a me ka ʻāina, hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai, pollution, nalowale o ka huahana lepo, a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe.
E komo i ka Slow Wine neʻe me nā ʻuʻu, nā ʻelele waina o ka honua e hoʻokumu i ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe ma o ka mālama ʻāina. I ka makahiki 2011, ua paʻi ʻia ka Slow Wine Guide, e hoʻololi ana i ka manaʻo mai ka waiwai helu o nā waina a i ke kaiapuni macro e loaʻa ana nā kikoʻī ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā hale waina, nā mea hana, a me nā wahi hana.
Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke alakaʻi no ka ʻoi aku o ka papa inoa o nā mea pāʻani koʻikoʻi; ua hoʻoneʻe i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kūʻai mai nā helu/helu helu i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano hana waina a me nā ʻenehana agronomic i hoʻohana ʻia.
I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo Slow Wine Tours a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kipa i nā hale kūʻai waina ma New York, Chicago, a me Kapalakiko. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, nā hale kūʻai waina ma Kelemānia, Denmark, Iapana, Kanada, a me Slovenia (2017). I ka makahiki 2018, ua kipa ʻia ʻo Kaleponi, a ua nānā ʻia nā hale waina 50.
Ma 2019 ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Oregon, a ukali ʻia e Washington State. ʻO ka mea hou loa, nānā ka Slow Wine movement i nā hale waina ma Kina, me Ningxia, Xinyang, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu, Yunnan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, a me Tibet.
maoli
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Slow Wine Coalition i ka makahiki 2021. He ʻupena honua ia e hui pū ana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻoihana waina. Ua hoʻomaka kēia hui waina hou i kahi hoʻololi e pili ana i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kaiapuni, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻopuka ka hui i kahi Manifesto me ka nānā ʻana i ka waina maikaʻi, maʻemaʻe, maikaʻi.
Koʻikoʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka waina lohi: palapala alanui
He mea paʻakikī ke komo ʻana i kahi hale kūʻai waina, hele i nā aisles waina ma kahi hale kūʻai kūʻai nui a i ʻole ke nānā ʻana i kahi pūnaewele kūʻai waina. He mau haneli (he mau kaukani paha) nā waina mai kēlā me kēia wahi o ka honua a me ka nui o nā kumu kūʻai, nā loiloi, a me nā manaʻo. Pehea e ʻike ai ka mea kūʻai aku i ka hoʻoholo naʻauao? Makemake paha ka mea kūʻai i ke kala (ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole ka rose), fizz a pālahalaha paha, ʻono, kumukūʻai, ʻāina kumu, hoʻomau, a/a i ʻole nā nīnau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻono. Hāʻawi ka Slow Wine Guide i kahi palapala alanui i ka mea kūʻai waina, me ka maopopo a me ka pōkole e hōʻike ana i nā hana mahiʻai, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā hale waina e hahai ana i ka manaʻo (pesticide free).
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka waina Slow ma ka neʻe ʻana o ka Slow Food; he ʻano noʻonoʻo a hāʻawi i kahi hoʻolālā no ka mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he holistic holistic. Hiki i ka hui ke nīnau i nā ʻenehana mahiʻai post-industrialization a noʻonoʻo hou i ka mea a mākou e ʻai ai (ʻai a me ka waina) e pili ana i ka hoʻomau a me nā pilikia e pili ana i nā pesticides.
Ke hana nei ka Movement i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i nā pōʻino e pili ana i ka meaʻai wikiwiki a me ka lobbying kūʻē i nā pesticides a me ka holo ʻana i nā waihona hua no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano heirloom. Ua laha ka manaʻo i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano lohi e hōʻike a paipai i ka uku kūpono a me ke kaiapuni, a me ka huakaʻi lohi e hoʻāʻo nei e hakakā i ka nui o ka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma USA, ʻo ka Slow Wine Guide ʻo ia wale nō ka puke waina o ka ʻāina e hoʻokumu i ka mālama ʻāina, me ka manaʻo o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike i nā mea kūʻai.
Holoi ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO kahi paʻakikī i ka neʻe ʻana o ka waina Slow he GREENWASHING. ʻO kēia hana e pili ana i nā ʻoihana e alakaʻi hewa ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e hōʻemi ana kā lākou hana, nā huahana, a i ʻole nā lawelawe i ko lākou hopena kaiapuni ma mua o kā lākou hana maoli, e waiho ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka huikau a me ka huhū. Hoʻihoʻi kēia i ke kuleana ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o nā mea kūʻai aku, e koi ana iā lākou e hana i ka noiʻi nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hopena kūlohelohe maoli. I nā manawa he nui, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻike e noiʻi ʻia nei.
ʻO Slow Wine World Tour 2023. E ʻike iā Oltrepo Pavese. Nuioka
I kēia manawa ua hele au i kahi hanana Slow Wine ma Manhattan e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina waina ʻItalia o Oltrepo Pavese (Northern Italy, komohana o Milan). He wahi waina maʻamau kēia kahi e hana ai ka waina i ka wā Roma. Aia ka ʻāina i ka pāpū ma waena o nā Alps a me Apennines o Northern Italia. Aia ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai Po ke kūlanakauhale mōʻaukala o Pavia. ʻO ka'āina wainaʻo Oltrepo ka mea i hoʻomaluʻia e nā puʻu a me nā mauna - he wahi kūpono no ka mahi waina. Ua uhi ia 3600 kilomika square a me 16 mau municipal.
I ka wā o ke aupuni Roma, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hana i nā waina i hoʻokūkū me nā waina o Helene. I kēlā manawa, ua kaulana nā waina Helene a ua makemake nui ʻia o nā waina a pau i loaʻa. ʻO ka haʻi mua ʻana o ka viticulture ma ia wahi mai ka Codex Etruscus (850 AD). Ua kaulana ka mahi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka waina i ka makahiki 15th kenekulia a ua ʻike ʻia he ʻāpana o ka hana mahiʻai.
Hoʻopuka ʻo Oltrepo i ka hapalua o ka waina mai ka ʻāina ʻo Lombardy, kokoke i ka nui o ka hana o Asti a me Chianti. Aia ma kahi o 9880 mau ʻeka o nā kumu waina ʻo Pinot Noir i lilo ia i kapena Pinot Noir. ʻOhi ʻia nā hua waina i ka wā mua o ka pala o ka ʻili e hōʻike ana i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka waikawa a me ke kō.
Ua haku ʻia ka ʻāina i nā pōhaku kahiko (Terra Rossa), a hāʻawi i ka ʻāina i nā huma a me ka pālolo e ulu ai nā kumu waina. He nui ka hao ma ka lepo. ʻO ke aniau keʻano o ka Mediterranean i loaʻa kokoke i nā Alps me nā kauwela mahana. ka hooilo malie, a me ka ua uuku.
Hua waina
ʻO nā waina ʻulaʻula alakaʻi ʻo Cabernet Sauvignon a me Pinot Nero, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻelemakule liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻohui i kahi papa o ka ʻono. ʻO nā koho waina keʻokeʻo me Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling Italico, Riesling, a me Pinto Nero. Hoʻopili ʻia ka spumante me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka hana waina aseptic a hiki i ka 30 pakeneka Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, a me Chardonnay. Ua loaʻa iā Sparkling Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico kahi papa inoa DOCG mai 2007.
I koʻu manaʻo
Ke hana nei i nā ʻanuʻu e ʻike i nā waina Slow āpana:
1. La Versa. Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico Brut Testarossa 2016. 100 pakeneka Pinot Nero. ʻO ka makahiki no ka liʻiliʻi o 36 mau mahina ma ka lees.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo La Versa e Cesare Gustavo Faravelli i ka makahiki 1905 e hana i nā waina maikaʻi loa e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina maoli. I kēia lā, kaulana ia ma ka honua a ʻike ʻia me ka Decanter Wine Award, Slow Wine, Gambero Rosso, a me Best Winery ma Oltreo Pavese (2019).
Notes:
I ka maka, hōʻike ka hue gula i nā ʻōhū liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻOliʻoli ka ihu me nā manaʻo o nā ʻāpala ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hōʻailona o ka lemona, nā kuki, a me nā hazelnuts. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā palates me ka ʻakika māmā, ke kino waena, ka mousse ʻaila, a me ke ʻano e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻāpala, a me ka huaʻala i ka pau ʻana.
2. Francesco Quaquarini. Sangue di Giuda del'Oltrepo Pavese 2021. Māhele: Lombardy; Māhele: Pavia; Nā ʻano like ʻole: 65 pakeneka Croatina, 25 pakeneka Barbera, 10 pakeneka Ughetta di Canneto. Organic. Hōʻoia ʻia e Organic Farming BIOS. ʻAnoʻalaʻala
Ua hana ka ʻohana Quaquarini i ka waina no ʻekolu hanauna. I kēia manawa, alakaʻi ʻia ka winery e Francesco me kāna keiki, ʻo Umberto, a me kāna kaikamahine ʻo Maria Teresa. ʻO ka hale waina he lālā o ka Hui Hui o Cassese a he lālā hoʻolimalima o ka Club of Buttafuoco Storico. ʻO nā lālā pū kekahi me ka Apana o ka waina maikaʻi ma Oltrepo Pavese a me ka Consortium for the Protection of Oltrepo Pavese Wine.
Hoʻokumu ka hale waina i nā papahana noiʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻonui i nā ʻenehana hana. Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana waina i ke ʻano hana mauʻu (ke alo o kahi māla i loko o ka māla waina) i ka mahi ʻana i nā kumu waina. Hāʻawi ke ʻano hana i ka oʻo maikaʻi ʻana o nā hua waina.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka winery no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe wale nō o nā holoholona a/a i ʻole nā mea kanu, mālama i ka biodiversity, pale aku i nā ʻenehana synthesis kemika, hōʻole i nā GMO, hoʻomau i ka noiʻi ʻepekema me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana e hōʻoia i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Notes:
I ka maka, ʻulaʻula ruby; ʻike ka ihu i nā ʻala ʻala me nā manaʻo o nā pua a me nā hua ʻulaʻula. ʻIke ka palaka i ka ʻono lole e ʻōlelo ana e hauʻoli ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he waina ʻono i hui pū ʻia me Panettone, Pandoro, tart a i ʻole nā kuki pōkole, a me nā hua maloʻo.
