Ua paʻi ka poʻe noiʻi i kekahi mau pepa e pili ana i nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka lewa a Juno i kēia lā ma ka puke pai Science a me ka Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pepa hou i loko o ʻelua pukana hou o Geophysical Research Letters.
"ʻO kēia mau ʻike hou mai Juno e wehe i kahi pahu waiwai o ka ʻike hou e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona enigmatic ʻike ʻia o Jupiter," wahi a Lori Glaze, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka mahele ʻepekema planetary NASA ma ke keʻena nui o ka hui ma Wakinekona. "Hōʻike kēlā me kēia pepa i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kaʻina lewa o ka honua - he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kā mākou hui ʻepekema honua i ka ʻike o kā mākou ʻōnaehana solar."
Ua komo ʻo Juno i ka orbit ʻo Jupiter i ka makahiki 2016. I loko o kēlā me kēia o nā kaʻa he 37 o ka honua a hiki i kēia lā, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui o nā mea kani ma lalo o kona ʻauʻau ʻino.
"Ma mua, ua kāhāhā ʻo Juno iā mākou me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka lewa o Jupiter ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia," wahi a Scott Bolton, ka mea noiʻi nui o Juno mai ka Southwest Research Institute ma San Antonio a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka Journal Science pepa ma ka hohonu o nā vortices o Jupiter. "I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomaka nei mākou e hoʻohui i kēia mau ʻāpana āpau a loaʻa i kā mākou ʻike mua loa i ka hana ʻana o ka lewa nani a me ka ʻino o Jupiter - ma 3D."
ʻO Juno's microwave radiometer (MWR) hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema misionari ke nānā ma lalo o nā ao o Jupiter a nānā i ke ʻano o kāna mau ʻino vortex. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o kēia mau ʻino, ʻo ia ka anticyclone hōʻailona i kapa ʻia ʻo Great Red Spot. ʻOi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka Honua, ua hoʻohauʻoli kēia ʻulaʻula vortex i ka poʻe ʻepekema mai kona ʻike ʻana ma kahi o ʻelua mau kenekulia i hala.
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa hou he ʻoi aku ka mahana o nā ʻino ma luna, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lewa, ʻoiai ke anuanu ma lalo, me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā anticyclones, e kaʻa ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ke anuanu ma luna akā ʻoi aku ka mahana ma lalo.
Hōʻike pū ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mau ʻino ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, me ka lōʻihi o 60 mau mile (100 kilomita) ma lalo o ke ao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka Great Red Spot, e hoʻolōʻihi ana ma luna o 200 mile (350 kilomita). Hōʻike kēia ʻike haʻohaʻo i ka uhi ʻana o nā vortices i nā wahi ma waho o nā wahi e hoʻopuʻi ai ka wai a me nā ao, ma lalo o ka hohonu kahi e hoʻomehana ai ka lā i ka lewa.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka Great Red Spot, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ka nui o ka lewa i loko o ka ʻino i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā mea kani e aʻo ana i ke kahua ʻumekaumaha o Jupiter. ʻElua mau lele lele Juno ma luna o ka wahi kaulana loa o Jupiter i hāʻawi i ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka pūlima gravity o ka ʻino a hoʻokō i nā hopena MWR ma kona hohonu.
Me ka holo haʻahaʻa ʻana o Juno ma luna o ka deck ao ʻo Jupiter ma kahi o 130,000 mph (209,000 kph) ua hiki i nā ʻepekema Juno ke ana i nā loli wikiwiki e like me ka liʻiliʻi 0.01 millimeter kekona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi antenna huli ʻo Deep Space Network o NASA, mai kahi mamao o 400 miliona mau mile (650). miliona kilomika). ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai i ka hui ke kaohi i ka hohonu o ka Great Red Spot ma kahi o 300 mile (500 kilomita) ma lalo o nā ao.
"ʻO ka pololei i koi ʻia e kiʻi i ka gravity o ka Great Red Spot i ka lele ʻana o Iulai 2019 he mea kupanaha," wahi a Marzia Parisi, he ʻepekema Juno mai NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ma Kaleponi Hema a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o kahi pepa ma ka Journal Science e pili ana i ka gravity overflights o ka. Wahi Ulaula Nui. "ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokō i ka ʻike a MWR ma ka hohonu e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka hilinaʻi nui e loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua ʻumekaumaha e hiki mai ana ma Jupiter e hāʻawi i nā hopena hoihoi."
Nā kāʻei a me nā ʻāpana
Ma waho aʻe o nā cyclones a me nā anticyclones, kaulana ʻo Jupiter no kāna mau kāʻei kūʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāpana - nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula o nā ao e hoʻopuni ana i ka honua. ʻO ka makani hikina-komohana ikaika e neʻe ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana. Ua ʻike mua ʻo Juno i kēia mau makani, a i ʻole nā kahawai jet, hiki i ka hohonu ma kahi o 2,000 mile (ma kahi o 3,200 mau kilomita). Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻoponopono i ka pohihihi o ke ʻano o nā kahawai jet. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e Juno's MWR i nā kaʻa he nui i hoʻokahi ʻike: e hele ana ke kinoea ammonia o ka lewa i luna a i lalo i kahi kūlike kupaianaha me nā kahawai jet i ʻike ʻia.
"Ma ka hahai ʻana i ka ammonia, ua ʻike mākou i nā cell circulation ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema hemispheres e like me ke ʻano me 'Ferrel cell,' nāna e hoʻomalu i ka hapa nui o ko mākou aniau ma ka Honua," wahi a Keren Duer, he haumāna puka mai ka Weizmann Institute. o ʻEpekema i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka Journal Science pepa ma Ferrel-like cell ma Jupiter. "ʻOiai he hoʻokahi Ferrel cell ka honua i kēlā me kēia hemisphere, ʻewalu ʻo Jupiter - ʻo kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 30 mau manawa nui."
Hōʻike pū ʻia ka ʻikepili MWR a Juno e hele ana nā kāʻei a me nā ʻāpana i kahi hoʻololi ma kahi o 40 mau mile (65 mau kilomita) ma lalo o nā ao wai o Jupiter. Ma kahi hohonu pāpaʻu, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o nā kāʻei o Jupiter i ka māmā microwave ma mua o nā wahi kokoke. Akā ma nā pae hohonu, ma lalo o nā ao wai, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻokoʻa - e hōʻike ana i kahi like me ko mākou moana.
"Ke kapa nei mākou i kēia pae ʻo ka 'Jovicline' ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kahi papa hoʻololi i ʻike ʻia ma ka moana o ka Honua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka thermocline - kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka wai kai mai ka mahana a i ke anuanu," wahi a Leigh Fletcher, he kanaka ʻepekema Juno mai ke Kulanui. o Leicester ma United Kingdom a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka pepa ma ka Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets highlighting Juno's microwave observations of Jupiter's temperate belts and zones.
Polar Cyclones
Ua ʻike mua ʻo Juno i nā hoʻonohonoho polygonal o nā ʻino cyclonic nunui ma nā pou ʻelua o Jupiter - ʻewalu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano octagonal ma ka ʻākau a ʻelima i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano pentagonal ma ka hema. I kēia manawa, ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema misionari e hoʻohana ana i ka nānā ʻana e ka Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) o ka mokulele i kēia mau ʻano ʻano lewa e kūpaʻa loa, e waiho ana ma ka wahi like.
"Hoʻopilikia nā ʻino o Jupiter i ka neʻe ʻana o kēlā me kēia, e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou e pili ana i kahi kūlana kaulike," wahi a Alessandro Mura, he mea noiʻi hui Juno ma ka National Institute for Astrophysics ma Roma a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o kahi pepa hou ma Geophysical Research Letters on oscillations and stability. i loko o nā ʻino polar o Jupiter. "ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau oscillations lohi e hōʻike ana he aʻa hohonu ko lākou."
Hōʻike pū ka ʻikepili JIRAM, e like me nā makani ʻino ma ka Honua, makemake kēia mau ʻino e neʻe i ka pole, akā ʻo nā ʻino ma ke kikowaena o kēlā me kēia pou e hoʻohuli iā lākou i hope. Hōʻike kēia kaulike i kahi e noho ai nā ʻino a me nā helu like ʻole ma kēlā me kēia kia.
