Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 i mohala aʻe ai kēia mau ʻanoʻano. ʻoihana waina. Ke hoʻokele nei i nā wai kūpikipikiʻo o nā makahiki 1800 a hiki i nā makahiki 1930, UruguayUa pale ka ʻāina waina i nā ʻino o ka phylloxera, ka Depression Nui, a me nā hanana haunaele o ke Kaua Honua II.
ʻO Phylloxera, he ʻenemi hoʻomau, ua hoʻouka i nā aʻa waina, e hoʻomake nui ai a nalowale nā ʻano kumu waina waiwai ʻole. Ua kūpaʻa ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ʻoihana, e koi ana i nā makahiki o ke kanu hou ʻana me nā rootstocks kūpaʻa a me nā ʻano hua waina kūpono.
Ua ho'āʻo hou ka makani ʻino o ka Great Depression (1929–1939) i ka ikaika o ka ʻoihana waina o Uruguay. I ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, ua manaʻo ka mākeke waina i ka hopena ma ka home a me ka honua. Ua hoʻopau ke Kaua Honua II (1939–1945) i ke kālepa, hoʻohuli i nā kumuwaiwai no nā hoʻoikaika kaua a waiho i kahi hōʻailona hiki ʻole i ka hana waina a Uruguay.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana waina ke ulu nei i kahi hoa pili i nā malihini mai ka ʻāina Basque a me Italia. ʻO ka mea nui, ua haʻalele ʻo Don Pascual Harriague, kahi malihini Basque ʻike maka, i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hua waina Tannat Farani i Uruguay i ka makahiki 1870. ʻO kēia hoʻoholo i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no Tannat e puka mai ai ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano hua waina kaulana o Uruguay.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka waena waena o ke kenekulia 20 i kekahi manawa koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka hua waina Albanno e nā malihini mai ka ʻāina Galician o Sepania i ka makahiki 1954. ʻO kēia infusion o nā ʻano hua waina like ʻole i hoʻohui i ka waiwai a me ka ʻokoʻa i ka tapestry winemaking o Uruguay.
A Diplomatic Pour: Mercosur Free Trade Agreement (1991)
ʻO ka wehe ʻana o kahi mokuna hou i ka mōʻaukala waina o Uruguayan i hui pū me ka Mercosur Free Trade Agreement ma 1991. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana iā Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, a me Uruguay, ua lanakila ka ʻaelike i ka "neʻe kūʻokoʻa o nā waiwai, nā lawelawe, a me nā mea hana ma waena o nā ʻāina." Eia nō naʻe, ua nui ka manaʻo o ka mana o Brazil a me Argentina ma muli o kā lākou kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. I ka pane ʻana, ua hana ʻo Uruguay i kahi hoʻoponopono hoʻolālā, hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka maikaʻi o kāna mau waina a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hana kūʻai aku e ʻike i kāna ʻano terroir a me nā ʻano hua waina. Ua kālai ʻia kēia neʻe wiwo ʻole i kahi niche kūʻokoʻa no nā waina Uruguayan ma ke kahua honua.
ʻO nā hua waina ʻokoʻa: Uruguay's Vinous Symphony
ʻO ke aniau o Uruguay, ka wā ulu ulu, a me nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i kahi kāwele kūpono no ka hua waina Tannat e loaʻa ai ka oʻo maikaʻi ʻole—he hoʻokō paʻakikī a hiki i ke komohana hema o Farani. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea aʻoaʻo honua, nā haku o ka māla waina, i nā tannins koʻikoʻi o Tannat ma o nā ʻenehana e like me ka micro-oxygenation a me ka ʻelemakule barela. ʻO ka hopena he waina Tannat ʻaʻole paʻakikī wale nō akā hiki ke hoʻokokoke ʻia i kahi pae mua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kāna hoa Farani.
ʻO nā waina Tannat mai Uruguay e hula ma ka palaka, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻono paʻakikī o nā hua ʻeleʻele, mai ka blackberry a i ka currant ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili ʻia e ka mālama ʻoka, hiki i kēia mau waina ke ʻoluʻolu me nā memo kokoleka a i ʻole espresso. ʻO Tannat, e noho aliʻi ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapahā o nā māla waina o Uruguay, kaʻana like me nā ʻano keʻokeʻo e like me Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Albariño, a me Viognier.
Strategic Symphony: Hoʻohui a me nā Hoʻoponopono
I ka makahiki 1988, ua hāʻawi ke aupuni Uruguayan i ka Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INAVI) me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻoihana waina. Ua akaka ka hana a INAVI: hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka waina a hoʻoulu i nā mākeke hoʻoiho. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ke kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka makahiki 1989 me nā hana e hoʻolaha i nā waina Uruguayan ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua hiki mai kahi manawa hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makahiki 1993 i ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Uruguay i lāhui mua o ʻAmelika Hema e kau i ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inoa ʻāina waina hanohano ma nā lepili kūloko, e hoʻoikaika ana i kāna kūpaʻa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
ʻO ka Vinos de Calidad Preferent (VCP), i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1993, e hōʻike hou ana i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana o Uruguay i ka maikaʻi. Hana ʻia mai nā hua waina ʻo Vitis vinifera, hoʻonani nā waina VCP i ka ʻona ma ka nui o ka waiʻona (ABV) mai 8.6% a 15%. ʻO kēia mau waina, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o 750 ml a i ʻole nā hue aniani liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua papa: Vino Común (VC) e hōʻike ana i nā waina papaʻaina a me nā ʻano rosé ka mea nui.
ʻO ka lole lole Vinous o Uruguay: Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa
Aia ma kahi ākea e like me ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wisconsin, Uruguay, me kona heluna kanaka e like me ko Connecticut, e paʻa ana i kahi hoʻoilina ʻEulopa kū hoʻokahi a nā paionia mai Italia a me Sepania. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāina, ka maikaʻi o ke aniau, a me nā ʻāina like ʻole, i hui pū ʻia me nā kumuwaiwai hydropower, he kumu ikaika. Kākoʻo ka ʻoihana hydrographic nui i ka mahiʻai, hoʻokō ʻia e ka poʻe limahana i hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ʻia, ʻoihana ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, a me ka hua waina Tannat-e hōʻailona ana i ka hiki o Uruguay ke lilo i mea pāʻani nui ma ke kahua waina honua.
Nā lanakila o kēia manawa a me nā Horizons Oenophilic e hiki mai ana
Ke kaena nei ʻo Uruguay i kēia manawa ma kahi o 5,000 mau ʻeka o nā māla waina, kahi home o 180 a 250 mau hale waina ʻohana. Hoʻokipa ka Metropolitan Region i ka hapa nui, me kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e koho mua ana i nā waina kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa ka mana hoʻopuka honua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui me ka Saint Emilion o Bordeaux a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke awāwa ʻo Alexander Valley o Kaleponi, hōʻike nā wahi waina o Uruguay i kahi mosaic o ke aniau moana a me ka terroir i hōʻailona ʻia e ka lepo granite. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāina me nā mauna, nā māla waina kiʻekiʻe a me nā māla wao nahele, e pōmaikaʻi ana i ka nui o ka ua i hoʻopili ʻia e ka Moana ʻAkelanika.
ʻO nā Uruguayans, i kaulana ʻia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi hoʻohana waina ma ka honua, e inu i ka awelika kupaianaha o 24 lita i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ke hoʻomau nei ka makemake o ka home, ke hoʻonui nei ka hana waina o Uruguay i kona hiki ʻana i nā mākeke honua, me Brazil ke alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻopuka. ʻO nā mākeke e kū mai ana ʻo ia ka United Kingdom, Sweden, Kelemānia, Belgium, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Hoʻolaha ka poʻe loea waina honua i ka piʻi ʻana o Uruguay i ka ʻoihana waina honua, i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hale waina e hui pū ana me ka Uruguay Sustainable Viticulture Program. Ke lanakila nei kēia papahana i nā hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa hiki ke ʻike ʻia, e pili ana i ke kaiapuni, e hōʻailona ana i kahi alahele kahi e mākaukau ai nā waina o Uruguay e piʻi hou aʻe i ka maikaʻi a me ka hanohano ma ke kahua honua. Ke kali nei kahi symphony o ka kūleʻa e like me Uruguay, me ka hui ʻana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka hana hou, hana i kahi hoʻoilina i ka honua o ka waina.
© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
