Ua luhi ʻoe i ka waina a me ka pia? Luhi i ke koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka waiho ʻana i ke kauoha waina ma ka hale kūʻai waina a i ʻole ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pia mea hana kūpono no ka hui ʻana me ka ʻaina ahiahi ma kahi hale ʻaina? E hauʻoli! Aia kekahi keiki hou ma ka poloka, pololei mai Sepania: Apple Cider.
Moolelo o Cider
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike nui ʻia ka cider e ka poʻe Hebera, ʻAigupita a me Helene. 'Ōleloʻo Plinio (23-79 AD) i nā mea inu i hanaʻia me nā pears a me nā'ōlaʻa a'ōlelo i ka waina, "...ʻo ia ka mea inu maʻamau o ka'āina"; Ua kākau ʻo Estrabon, ma kahi o 60 mau makahiki ma mua o Kristo, ua hoʻohana nā Astures i ka cider no ka mea he liʻiliʻi kā lākou waina ʻoiai ʻo Palladium (ke kenekulia 3), ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomākaukau ka poʻe Roma i ka waina pear a hoʻokomo i nā kikoʻī hana. ʻO ka hōʻike mua e pili ana i ka cider i hana ʻia ma Asturies mai ka Helene geographer Strabo i 60 BC.
ʻO Sidra (cider) mai ka ʻāina ʻo Espana Verde o Sepania mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 11 i ka wā i maikaʻi ʻole ai ka ʻāina no ka mahi waina. Ua kanu nā mahiʻai i nā māla ʻāpala ma mua o nā hua waina a hoʻomaka i ka hana cider. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Asturias a me ka ʻāina Basque i kahi kuʻuna cider ikaika a i kēia manawa ua wehewehe ka wahi i ka cider Spanish me Asturias nona ke kuleana ma mua o 80 pakeneka o ka hana holoʻokoʻa. ʻAi ka poʻe noho o ka Principality of Asturias i 54 lita (14.26 galani) i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cider Spanish (Sidra) mai nā huahana like i hana ʻia ma USA, UK a me Farani e nā ʻano aʻe:
1. ʻO ke ʻano hū ʻāhiu nui
2. Hoʻopau maloʻo, tannic
3. Hoʻomoʻa maoli ʻia, me ka ʻole o ke kō a me nā mea ʻono a maʻa mau, ʻaʻole ʻālohilohi
4. Hōʻike i nā mea ʻala ʻakika, paʻakikī, ʻono
5. Hāʻawiʻia mai kahi'ōmole 750ml maʻamau
6. "Ka hoolei ana i ka cider." Ma kahi o ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōmole a hoʻomaha i ka hanu, ninini ke kikowaena i ka cider mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3 kapuaʻi e hoʻoulu a hoʻonui i ka ʻala a me ka ʻono.
Nā ʻano o Sidra
1. Sidra Natural. ʻO ke ʻano kuʻuna maloʻo maloʻo cider i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me nā mea hū ʻōiwi (loaʻa i loko o nā ʻāpala, nā māla ʻai a me ka cideria); ʻōmole me ka kānana ʻole; haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (5-8 pakeneka); lepo a rustic i ka maka a me ka pala
2. Sidra Achampanada. Pono ka lua fermentation (i loko o ka ʻōmole a i ʻole ka pahu). Hoʻonui ke kaʻina hana i ka ʻona a hōʻike i ka effervescence; maloʻo a ʻālohilohi
3. Sidra de Nueva Hōʻike. ʻO Cider kānana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e wehe i ka lepo; ʻoi aku ka pili o ke ʻano i ka waina
4. Frost cider (e noʻonoʻo i ka waina hau Kanada). Hana ʻia ma ka maloʻo ʻana i ka wai o nā ʻāpala; hoʻopuka i kahi cider ʻono, ʻano ʻono
Hana ʻia ʻo Cider
ʻOhi ʻia nā ʻāpala mai ka hopena o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka waena o Nowemapa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kizkia, kahi mea hana e like me ka lāʻau me ke kui.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpala i ka pomace i loko o ka matxaka (shredder) akā me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana i nā hua (e pale i ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa). Hoʻoili ʻia ka pulp (patsa) i kahi paʻi a hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka pono (muztioa) (a hopu ʻia paha ma ka papahele) i loko o kahi pā (tina) ma ke ʻano medieval (sagardotegi). Hoʻopili ʻia a mālama ʻia i loko o nā barela (ʻo ia hoʻi ka chestnut) i loko o kahi e waiho ai a hiki i ke oʻo.
Pono e hana ʻia nā fermentations ʻelua:
1. ʻO ka fermentation waiʻona. He hana anaerobic kahi e hoʻololi ai ke kō maoli i ka waiʻona. Hoʻomau kēia, ma muli o nā kūlana, ma waena o 10 mau lā a 1.5 mau mahina.
2. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻakika malic i ka waikawa lactic a hoʻemi i ka ʻona o ka cider a hiki ke inu. Pono ka fermentation ma waena o 2-4 mau mahina.
Pono ka ʻāpala a i ʻole ka wai ʻāpala mai nā ʻōlaʻi ʻōiwi haʻahaʻa (a hiki i 20 mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole), i hana ʻia mai ka wai a me ke kō, malic acid, citrus, tannin, pectin, nitrogen, minerals, vitamina (me C, B2, D, etc. .) a me nā enzymes i ka hemo. I ka wā o ka fermentation, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kō i carbonic anhydride a me ka waiʻona e hana ana i kahi huahana i haʻahaʻa loa i ka waiʻona ma waena o 4-6 pākēneka me kahi ʻano hou i makemake nui ʻia.
Ua loaʻa hou kekahi mau holomua ʻenehana akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hale cider kaulana e hoʻāʻo e mālama i nā mea pono o ka hana kahiko. Hana lākou i ka cider unfiltered mai ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpala i hoʻomoʻi maoli ʻia e nā hū maoli mai ko lākou ʻili. No laila, mau ka cider maoli, he ʻeleʻele iki a he tannic a me ka waikawa, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻāina Basque.
ano
1. Aala. ʻO ka maʻamau ka citric a me ka pua a me ka ʻala o ka paʻakai kahiko a me ka pata
2. Ka helehelena. ʻAʻole kānana ʻia e hana maʻamau i ke ao me kahi hue melemele mauʻu. E lulu i ka ʻōmole ma mua o ka wehe ʻana a me ka ninini ʻana
3. Espalme. Pono e nalo koke ka huʻa mai ka piko o ka cider
4. Pegue. ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao o ke aniani ma hope o ka inu ʻana
5. Ka waha. ʻO nā kino waena me ka ʻono ʻole; māmā a hiki i ke kalapona maʻalahi (e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ninini ʻana). ʻIke ka palate i ka acidity a me ka tangy, lemon a me ka citrus; liʻiliʻi i ka ʻole astringency a ʻawaʻawa paha. Ma hope o ka ʻono ʻana, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻike ʻōpala a ʻāʻī paha ma muli o ka acetic acid
6. Manaʻo holoʻokoʻa. ʻAka maloʻo, hou a ola
Ka ʻono ʻana
ʻO Sidra Angelon kahi mea hana lima ʻohana o Asturian Ciders. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Alfredo Ordonez Onis i ka paʻi (LLagar), Sidra Viuda de Angelon (1947) ma nā māla ʻai o La Alameda. I ka makahiki 1978 ua hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka hana ma La Teyera. Mālama ʻo Francisco Ordonez Vigil i ka hana.
1. Viuda de Angelon Sidra 1947. Kokoke maloʻo, ʻālohilohi iki cider ABV 6 pakeneka
• Akaka i ke gula i ka maka me ka effervescence liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o nā ʻāpala i kuke ʻia i ka ihu e alakaʻi koke i kahi manaʻo o ka acidity. Hāʻawi ʻia ma ka palale i kahi ʻono maikaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻono a me nā tannins me kahi huna liʻiliʻi o ke koena kō. Hoʻomaopopo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi o nā ʻāpala ʻawaʻawa, citrus, kahi hint o ka vīneka (ma ke ʻano maikaʻi), a me nā mea kanu i kahi ʻano paʻa iki. E hui pū me Brie a me Camembert.
2. Viuda de Angelon Sidra Brut. Hoʻopau i ka cider sparkling maloʻo ABV 6 pakeneka.
Koho ʻia ka cider makua mai ka bodega no ka lua o ka fermentation e hana i kahi cider maloʻo ʻālohilohi maoli e mālama ai i ka ʻono honua maoli o Sidra kuʻuna.
• I ka maka he hue o ke gula māmā me nā ʻōhū kaila champagne. ʻIke ka ihu i ka berena a me nā ʻāpala pala, a me kahi hōʻailona o ka citrus ʻawaʻawa a me ka minerality. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka palaka me ke kani ʻana o nā ʻōpala e lawe ana i kahi ʻono māmā o nā ʻāpala.
3. Viuda de Angelon Sidra Brut. Me ka maloʻo maloʻo, ʻālohilohi pear cider (AKA Perry) ABV 5.2 pakeneka
ʻO ka perry pear ke kumu no ka pear cider a lawe i kahi ʻano momona, tannic a me ka acidic e like me ka cider apples. ʻOi aku ka poepoe o ka perry pear tannins ma mua o ka cider apples me ka liʻiliʻi o ka malic acid (ʻo ka ʻakika organik i ka ʻono ʻono ʻoluʻolu o nā huaʻai) a waiho iā mākou i kahi mea inu liʻiliʻi akā makemake ʻia.
• Hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā pears ulu ʻia, lawe kēia cider ʻono i nā pears i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mahalo. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia nā leo honua maʻalahi me nā ʻōmole māmā a hui maikaʻi me ka walnuts, pate a me ka cheese camembert.
ʻO Guzman Riestra Sidra Brut Nature. ʻO Cider ABV maloʻo, ʻālohilohi 8 pakeneka
ʻO ka cider mua i hana ʻia e ka ʻohana ma 1906 e Robustiano Riesta. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka papa ʻaina a me ke kaʻina hana e kāna kaikamahine, ʻo Etelvina Riesta nāna, me kāna kāne ʻo Ricardo Riestra Hortal, i hana hou. I kēia manawa, aia a mālama ʻia nā cider e Raul lāua ʻo Ruben Riestra, nā moʻopuna nui a ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu. Ma 2012 ua hoʻokuʻu ka hui i kāna cider sparkling mua, ʻo Sidra Guzman Riestra. Hana ʻia ia me ke ʻano Champagne.
Hana ʻia mai ka cider kumu i loaʻa mai nā ʻōleʻa cider maikaʻi loa me ka lua fermentation i loko o ka hue me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hū cider. Ua kahiko nā ʻōmole no ka liʻiliʻi o 8 mau mahina a laila neʻe ʻia nā sediment i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻōmole no ka disgorging kuʻuna. Loaʻa nā makana: 2013 Silver Medal (Great Lakes International/Michigan); 2014 Top Ten Cider Journal (USA); Medal kālā 2015 (Great Lakes International/Michigan); 2015 makana lua (Sisga International Ciders Gijon); Medal kālā 2016 (Great Lakes International/Michigan)
• I ka maka, he melemele gula a ʻike ka ihu i nā kaula pears a me ka maiʻa. ʻOliʻoli ka palale i nā hua pāpū. Hāʻawi nā ʻāpala Farani i ka hui ʻana i kahi pā hou o ka tannic tartness.
No ka 'ike hou aku, Bus maanei.
© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
