Loaʻa iā Mekiko kekahi o nā kānāwai kūʻokoʻa loa o ka honua no nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka manawa paʻahao no ka liʻiliʻi o ka marijuana, cocaine a me ka heroin, LSD a me ka methamphetamine.
ʻIke ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma waho o San Diego i kahi kulekele noʻonoʻo maʻamau ma Mexico e hana ana.
"Mea pono nui!" wahi a Ivan Rojas e ʻakaʻaka ana, he kanaka hoʻomāinoino 20 makahiki i hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomāinoino a nā mākaʻi i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi āna i hiamoe ai ma nā alanui a me nā kahua kaʻaahi o Mexico City.
Akā ʻo nā mākaʻi pīhoihoi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka palena ʻo ʻAmelika e ʻōlelo ana ua kūʻē ke kānāwai i ke kaua lāʻau lapaʻau a Pelekikena Felipe Calderón, a hopohopo kekahi poʻe hiki ke hoʻolilo iā Mekiko i wahi huakaʻi no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka pūnāwai a me ka mākaʻikaʻi.
He ʻumi kaukani o nā haumāna kulanui ʻAmelika e holo ana i Cancun a me Acapulco i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pāʻina ma nā disco ma kahakai e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻokūkū pālule pulu a me nā makana inu a pau.
"I kēia manawa e hele lākou no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau," wahi a ka Luna Nui o San Diego ʻo William Lansdowne. "No kahi ʻāina i loaʻa i nā tausani o ka make mai ke kaua ʻana i nā cartels lāʻau lapaʻau no nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole i ka manaʻo no ke aha lākou e kau ai i kahi kānāwai e hoʻoikaika pono ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau."
Hoʻoholo ʻia i ka pule i hala aku nei, ʻo ke kānāwai Mekiko kahi ʻāpana o ka ulu ʻana ma waena o ʻAmelika Latin e mālama i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he pilikia olakino o ka lehulehu a hoʻopaʻa i kahi lumi i loko o nā hale paʻahao piha no nā mea kalepa ʻino ma mua o nā mea hoʻohana liʻiliʻi.
Ua hoʻopau mua ʻo Brazil a me Uruguay i ka manawa paʻahao no ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻohana pilikino, ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei he hewa ma Brazil. Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo Kiʻekiʻe o Argentina i ka hale paʻahao no ka lawe ʻana i ka ipuhao i ka Pōʻalua, a ʻōlelo nā luna e manaʻo lākou e hoʻolālā i kahi kānāwai e mālama ana i nā mea kūʻai lāʻau mai ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokolokolo.
Ua hōʻole ʻo Kolombia i ka marijuana a me ka cocaine no ka hoʻohana pilikino, akā ua mālama ʻo ia i nā hoʻopaʻi no nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻōlelo nā luna o ia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i nā lāʻau lapaʻau - ke kahakaha wale nei i kahi laina ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kālepa ma waena o ke kaua lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika. Hoʻoikaika ke kānāwai o Mekiko i nā hoʻopaʻi no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kānāwai kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou.
"Ua hōʻino ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Latin i nā hopena o nā kulekele lāʻau i kēia manawa a ke ʻimi nei i nā mea ʻē aʻe," wahi a Ricardo Soberon, ka luna o ka Drug Research and Human Rights Center ma Lima, Peru.
I ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Mexico i kāna hakakā ʻana i nā cartels, ua lele ka hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o 50 pakeneka ma waena o 2002 a me 2008, e like me ke aupuni, a i kēia lā ua piha nā hale paʻahao me nā mea hoʻohui, he nui ma lalo o 25 mau makahiki.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Rojas i ka hapalua o kona ola i ka honi ʻana i ka cocaine a me ka honi ʻana i ka pena kiʻi lahilahi ʻoiai ʻo ia e kaʻahele ana i nā alanui o Mexico City me ka makaʻu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lā i hoʻāla ʻia ʻo ia e nā mākaʻi e koi ana i kahi kīpē a koi iā ia e neʻe, wahi āna.
"Maikaʻi ka loaʻa iā lākou kēia kānāwai no laila ʻaʻole e hopu ʻia ʻoe e nā mākaʻi," wahi a Rojas, nona ka inoa ʻo IVAN, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kona mau manamana lima.
Ua paʻa ʻo Rojas i ʻekolu pule i hala aku nei i ka hiki ʻole iā ia ke helu i ke kālā no ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke noi ʻana a ʻike ʻo ia e haʻalulu ʻole. Ua ʻae ʻo ia i kahi hāʻawi kōkua mai nā limahana mai kahi hale hoʻolaʻa lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻokokoke aku iā ia ma ke alanui.
"Ke hoʻopau nei nā lāʻau lapaʻau iaʻu," wahi a Rojas, nona ke kaikunāne 13 makahiki i make i ka overdose ʻewalu mau makahiki i hala. “Ua nalowale koʻu kaikunāne. Ua nalowale koʻu wā ʻōpio.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Juan Martin Perez, ka mea e holo nei iā Caracol, ke kikowaena waiwai ʻole e kōkua ana iā Rojas, ua ninini ke aupuni i nā miliona miliona i ke kaua lāʻau lapaʻau akā ua hana liʻiliʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui. Ke hilinaʻi nei kāna hui i nā haʻawina mai nā kumu.
Pono ke kānāwai hou i nā luna e paipai i nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau e ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi o ka hale paʻahao, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ke aupuni i ke kālā hou aku no nā hui e like me Caracol i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua iā lākou.
Pono ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka poʻe lawehala ʻekolu, akā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ke kānāwai i nā hoʻopaʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻole.
"Ua hala koke kēia a me ka mālie, akā pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo," wahi a Perez.
ʻO nā mea kākoʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana i Pokukala, nāna i wehe i nā ʻōlelo paʻahao no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana pilikino i ka makahiki 2001 a loaʻa nō kekahi o nā helu haʻahaʻa loa o ka hoʻohana cocaine ma ʻEulopa.
Ua wehewehe ke kānāwai o Pokukala i ka hoʻohana pilikino e like me ka mea a ke kanaka e ʻai ai i nā lā he 10. Lawe nā mākaʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a pono e hele ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i mua o ke komisina aupuni, nāna e nānā i nā ʻano ʻai lāʻau o ke kanaka. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā mea hoʻohana, hoʻouna ʻia no ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo.
ʻO nā haole i hopu ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke alo nei i ka hopu ʻia ma Pokukala, kahi hana e pale aku ai i ka mākaʻikaʻi lāʻau.
ʻAʻole like ia no Mekiko, kahi ʻaʻohe manawa paʻahao no ka mea i hopu ʻia me ʻehā mau cigakeke mariuana, ʻehā laina cocaine, 50 milligrams heroin, 40 milligrams o ka methamphetamine a i ʻole 0.015 o ka milligrams o LSD. ʻO ia ka mea e pili ana i ka hoʻokō kānāwai US ma ka palena.
"Hāʻawi ia i kahi mākeke i ʻae ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau weliweli loa o ka honua," wahi a San Diego County Sheriff Bill Gore. "No ka poʻe o San Diego, pololei a make ka pilikia. Aia kekahi poʻe e holo i Mexico e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻi i ka US ma lalo o kā lākou mana. "
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Don Thornhill, kahi luna hoʻomalu o ka Drug Enforcement Administration i noiʻi i nā cartels Mekiko no 25 mau makahiki, ʻo ka hana ʻino ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o Mexico e hoʻohiolo paha i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau ʻAmelika, a e ʻae ke kānāwai hou i nā mākaʻi Mekiko e nānā i ka "iʻa nui."
ʻO ka hoʻoholo a Mexico e hoʻopau i ka manawa paʻahao no ka liʻiliʻi o ka mariuana, ka cocaine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hana i nā kaona palena e like me Nogales, Sonora, kahi huakaʻi no nā mea hoʻohana lāʻau leʻaleʻa mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, wahi a nā luna kānāwai ʻelua ma Nogales, Ariz.
"He mea hoihoi hou ia no ka poʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao US," wahi a Tony Estrada, ka mākaʻi o Santa Cruz County. “ʻAʻole pono lākou e nānā hou ma luna o ko lākou poʻohiwi. Me ia e hiki mai ana ka makemake nui, a me ia e hiki mai ai ka nui o nā mea hoʻolako, a me ia e hiki mai ana nā pilikia. He pōʻai ʻino wale nō ia.”
Ua wānana ʻo Estrada lāua ʻo Nogales, Ariz., Luna Makai ʻo William Ybarra i nā ʻōpio mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻohana like i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻana me nā makahiki inu haʻahaʻa.
"Ua like ia me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, 'Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka wā e noho ana ʻoe ma lalo o kēia paepae, ʻaʻohe mea e hana ʻino me ʻoe," wahi a Ybarra. "E hana ana ia i nā pilikia like i hana ʻia me ke kānāwai inu."
Inā hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hele i Mexico e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻohana nā mākaʻi Nogales i nā mākaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao US o ka palena e like me kā lākou hana e hopu ai i nā mea inu ʻona me ka waiʻona i kā lākou ʻōnaehana, wahi a Ybarra.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Estrada he mea hoihoi ke ʻike inā hopena ka hoʻololi i nā helu addiction haʻahaʻa ma Mexico.
"ʻO kā lākou hoʻāʻo kēia e hoʻāʻo e hana me ia i kekahi ʻano," wahi a Estrada. "He hoʻokolohua ia no Mexico a he manawa kūpono no mākou ma kēia ʻaoʻao e ʻike i nā hopena e loaʻa mai ai."
— Brady McCombs
NUI:
Hoʻonohonoho ke kānāwai lāʻau lapaʻau hou ma Mexico i ka nui o ka "hoʻohana pilikino" no kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i ka nui o ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka palena hoʻohana pilikino e paipai ʻia e ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Marijuana: 5 grams (ma kahi o ʻehā mau paka)
• Cocaine: ka hapalua o ka gram
• Heroin: 50 milligrams
• Methamphetamine: 40 milligrams
• LSD: 0.015 o ka milligram
