Ma ka ʻatikala o ke kānāwai huakaʻi o kēia pule, nānā mākou i ka hihia o Gardner v. United States of America, Delta Air Lines, Case No. 1:14-cv-00125-JNP-DBP (D. Utah June 8, 2018) kahi o ka Aha "Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Ronald Gardner iā Delta Airlines a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o kāna kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi mākaʻi ea…ʻo Gardner (he) makapō ma ke kānāwai (a) pilikia ka lohe ʻana a hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻolohe (a) he 59 makahiki.

Ma Ianuali 20, 2011, ua noho ʻo Gardner ma ka ʻāpana papa mua o kahi lele Delta mai Wakinekona, DC a i Salt Lake City. Ma luna o ka mokulele ʻelua mau mākaʻi mokulele federal (FAM1 a me FAM2). Noho pono ʻo FAM1 ma hope o Gardner (a) he 6 kapuaʻi 2 iniha ke kiʻekiʻe, he 235 paona kona kaumaha, a he mea hoʻoikaika kaumaha. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana, hoʻomaka ʻo Gardner e hoʻomaha mālie i kona noho. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia i ka hahau ʻana i ke kua o kona noho… ʻElima a ʻumi mau minuke ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Gardner e hoʻihoʻi i kona noho no ka lua o ka manawa. Ua hahau ʻia kona noho ma hope me ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Gardner i mua ma kona noho… He mau minuke ma hope mai, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Gardner e hoʻomoe i kona noho no ke kolu o ka manawa, akā ua kiola hou ʻo FAM1 i ka noho i mua…

Ua hele ʻo Gardner i ke kaʻa (a hoʻopiʻi a) ʻike ke kahu mokulele ua 'lūlū maoli ʻo Gardner, ka hou ʻana a me ka hanu pāpaʻu… Ua kamaʻilio ke kahu mokulele poʻo me FAM1 (a) [g] i ka pae o ka haʻalulu o FAM1 i ka wā kūkākūkā a ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua paʻa ʻia ʻo ia, ua hopohopo koke ke kahu mokulele no ka pono o Gardner a me nā mea holo ʻē aʻe a pau ma ka lele. (Ua hoʻi ʻo Gardner i kona noho a ukali ʻia e FAM1 nāna) hopu i ke kua o Gardner a 'hoʻokuʻu i ka heck mai ia'…Hele mai ka luna hoʻokele poʻo i ka noho o Gardner, kūlou i lalo a ʻōlelo 'Ua maikaʻi. Aia ʻo ia i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu. ʻO ia ka federal air marshal '…

Ma hope o ka pae ʻana, ua ala ʻo Gardner akā ua ālai ʻia e FAM1 a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, “E kala mai iaʻu, pono wau e kiʻi i kaʻu ʻeke. ʻAʻole i neʻe a ʻōlelo paha ʻo FAM1 i kekahi mea ma ka pane. Ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo Gardner i kāna noi e kiʻi iā FAM1 i nā manawa he nui, ma kahi o ʻekolu mau minuke ka FAM1 noho ʻole a hāmau ʻole…I ko lākou komo ʻana i ke kahua mokulele, haʻi ʻo Gardner i ka limahana o ka mokulele ʻo Delta makemake ʻo ia e peʻe e pale aku i kahi hālāwai me (FAM1)". Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo hōʻuluʻulu iā Delta a me ka ʻāpana hoʻoholo hōʻuluʻulu i hāʻawi ʻia iā US".

Ma ka hihia Gardner, ua ʻōlelo ka ʻAha "Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Gardner iā Delta a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o kēia hanana (e ʻōlelo ana) ʻo kona hālāwai ʻana me FAM1 ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo ia i ka maʻi ma hope o ka traumatic stress; hopohopo; kaumaha; i ka manawa a me ka hopohopo pili i ka nalowale o ka hihio liʻiliʻi i koe; hoʻouka weliweli; makaʻu i nā wahi lehulehu; ʻaʻohe hiamoe; a me nā moeʻuhane weliweli.

Ua hoʻokuʻu manawaleʻa ʻo Gardner i ʻelua kumu o ka hana āna i ʻōlelo mua ai, me ka waiho ʻana i nā koi kūʻē iā Delta no (1) mālama ʻole, (2) hoʻokō ʻole i ka pilikia o ka naʻau, (3) uhaki i ke kuleana o kahi mea lawe maʻamau i kahi kaʻa kīnā, (4) ka uhaki ʻana i ke kuleana i ka malihini ʻoihana a me (5) kahi kumu o ka hana a Garner i hōʻailona ai ma ke ʻano he pane pane ʻoi loa… Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Garner i nā koi kūʻē iā ʻAmelika no (1) mālama ʻole, (2) hoʻokomo i ka manaʻo kaumaha, (3) ka hoʻokau ʻole ʻana o ka pilikia o ka naʻau, (4) hoʻopaʻahao wahaheʻe, (5) hoʻouka a me (6) kahi kumu o ka hana a Gardner i kapa ai ma ke ʻano he pane pane kiʻekiʻe.

Koi ʻia ʻo Delta

"Ua ʻae ka Federal Aviation Act o 1958 (FAA) i ka hoʻoponopono federal federal o ka ʻoihana mokulele… I ka makahiki 1978 ua hoʻololi ʻo Congress i ka FAA me ka Airline Deregulation Act (ADA)…'I ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻole e wehe ka mokuʻāina i ka deregulation federal i kā lākou iho, Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ADA i kahi hāʻawi preemption… ʻO nā koi a Gardner e kūʻē iā Delta i hoʻomaha ʻia ma nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa ʻekolu. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gardner i ka haʻi ʻole ʻana o ke kahu mokulele poʻo iā ia ʻo FAM1 he mākaʻi ea, kahi i hoʻoulu ai i ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ka lua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole hiki i ke poʻo o ke kahu lele ke alakaʻi koke iā ia mai ka mokulele ma hope o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana iā ia e kali ma kona noho a ʻaʻole i komo i ka wā i kāohi ai ka FAM1 i ke alahele. ʻO ke kolu, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia ʻaʻole i hiki i nā limahana Delta ke pale aku iā FAM1 mai ka hahai ʻana iā ia ma ke kahua mokulele.

Pili i ka lawelawe a Delta

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Delta e pili ana kēia mau kumumanaʻo āpau i kahi lawelawe Delta. Ua unuhi ka ʻumi ʻumi i ka huaʻōlelo 'lawelawe ea' ākea: 'ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka lawelawe mokulele ea… e hoʻokomo i nā mea e like me ka tikiki ʻana, nā kaʻina holo moku, ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ukana, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka halihali pono'ī'… Ma lalo o kēia wehewehe ʻana o ka 'lawelawe', ʻo nā ʻōlelo a Gardner e kūʻē iā Delta he 'pili a pili paha i ka' lawelawe ʻo Delta… ʻO nā ʻaha ʻē aʻe i nānā i nā koi like ua hoʻoholo lākou ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia lākou… ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi pilikia a me kāna mau hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻole ʻia i ʻike ʻia.

Nā Koi iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

"ʻO nā hōʻike, i lawe ʻia ma ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa i nā ʻōlelo a Gardner, e hōʻike ana i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo Gardner e hoʻomoe i kona noho i ʻekolu mau manawa like ʻole, ua hoʻoneʻe ikaika ʻo FAM1 iā ia i mua. Ma hope mai, lulu ʻo FAM1 i ka noho o Gardner i kona noho ʻana i lalo i mea e hoʻoweliweli kino ai iā ia. Ua ʻae ʻo FAM1 ua ʻike ʻo ia ua makapō ka Gardner ma mua o ka pae ʻana o ka mokulele. A ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana o ke kahu mokulele poʻo a me ka mea kaʻa e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o Gardner ua haʻalulu nui ʻo ia i ka hana a FAM1, hiki i kahi mea ʻike ʻike ke manaʻo ua ʻike pū ʻo FAM1 ua makaʻu ʻo ia iā Gardner a hiki i ka haʻalulu, ka hou, a me ka pāpaʻu. hanu. Me kēia ʻike, kali mākou me Gardner (a) i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo Gardner e haʻalele i ka mokulele, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo FAM1 iā ia ma ke kū ʻana ma ke alahele no ʻekolu mau minuke. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻo FAM1 i nā noi huhū a Gardner e neʻe ʻo ia i hiki iā Gardner ke hele. Hoʻomaka ʻo FAM1 iā Gardner ma ke kahua mokulele i mea e hoʻoweliweli hou aku ai iā ia.

Panina

I ka hui pū ʻana i kēia mau ʻike, hiki i ka mea ʻimi ʻike kūpono ke hoʻoholo ua ʻike ʻo FAM1 i kāna hana e pili ana i kahi pilikia kūpono ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana iā Gardner. Eia hou, hiki i ka mea ʻimi ʻike ke hoʻoholo ua ʻike pono ʻo FAM1 i ka hopena o ka pilikia i ka maʻi a i ʻole ka pōʻino kino. No laila, ua hōʻole ka ʻAha i ka noi ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka hoʻoholo hōʻuluʻulu ʻana ma luna o Gardner i ka hoʻokau ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻehaʻeha ma muli o nā hana a FAM1".

ʻO Patricia lāua ʻo Tom Dickerson

Ua hala ka mea kākau, ʻo Thomas A. Dickerson, i ka lā 26 o Iulai 2018 i kona makahiki he 74. Ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kona ʻohana, eTurboNews ʻae ʻia e kaʻana like i kāna mau ʻatikala i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka faile āna i hoʻouna mai ai iā mākou no ka paʻi o ka pule e hiki mai ana.

Ua haʻi aku ka Hon. Ua hoʻomaha ʻo Dickerson ma ke ʻano he Lunakanawai Hui o ka Appellate Division, ke Keʻena ʻElua o ka ʻAha Kiekie o New York State a kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i ke kānāwai huakaʻi no 42 mau makahiki me kāna mau puke kānāwai i hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, Law Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018), a ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 mau ʻatikala kānāwai he nui i loaʻa ma nycourts.gov/courts/9jd/taxcertatd.shtml. No nā nūhou a me nā hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kānāwai huakaʻi hou, keu hoʻi i nā lālā lālā o ka EU, e ʻike IFTTA.org.

E heluhelu i nā ʻatikala he nui a Justice Dickerson ma aneʻi.

ʻAʻole paha kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala me ka ʻole o ka ʻae.