ʻElepani kāne a me ka pono
He mehameha nā Elepani kāne, ua kipaku ʻia lākou mai ke koena o ka ʻohana i ka wā ʻōpio. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo 'natal dispersal' a he ʻano hana ia i ulu aʻe i nā millennia e pale aku i (a) inbreeding me nā ʻohana a (b) hoʻokūkū me nā ʻohana. Ma hope o kēlā, alakaʻi lākou i kahi ola nomadic, i kekahi manawa e hui pū me nā elepani bipi ʻē aʻe 'e aʻo i ke kaula' o ke ola ʻana a hiki i ka mākaukau e koi i kā lākou wahine ponoʻī no ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻelepani bipi ʻoi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻĀsia, hele mai i ka mokuʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo "musth", kahi i komo ai ko lākou makemake e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa a lilo lākou i mea ʻino loa.
I ka wā musth, hoʻopiha ʻia nā kāne me nā manawa he 10 e like me ka nui o ka testosterone. Ua pehu lākou i nā ʻiʻo kino: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pehu ma mua o ka hua waina e kū ana ma hope o ko lākou mau maka. He ʻino loa nō hoʻi lākou a hoʻokuʻu i ka mimi ʻaneʻane hoʻomau e hana i ke ala ala i ko lākou hele ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Cynthia Moss ka mea noiʻi elephant kaulana "he ʻano hoʻololi Jekyll a me Hyde".
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: “ʻO Musth kahi ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kāne a me ke kūlana. No nā wahine, ke ʻōlelo mai nei kahi pipi musth, 'Ua maikaʻi loa koʻu kūlana, ua lōʻihi koʻu ola ʻana, a hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i pipi olakino e hoʻoili i koʻu mau genes maikaʻi, virility, a me ka lōʻihi.' No nā bipi ʻē aʻe, hoʻolaha ʻo musth, 'Maikaʻi loa wau. Ke ulu nei au me nā hormones ikaika, a e pepehi wau iā ʻoe inā ʻoe e hoʻokūkū iaʻu.' ʻO nā kāne musth i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Testosterone i kekahi manawa e hakakā a make.
ʻElepani kāne a me ka ʻiʻo
Ma nā ʻano ʻelepani ʻAsia (elephas maximus) ʻo ke kāne wale nō ka ʻiʻo a ma ka ʻano ʻApelika (loxodonta) he mau ʻuʻu ko ke kāne a me ka wahine. Ma ka hihia o ka Sri Lankan sub ano (elephas maximus maximus) he kakaikahi wale no na kane he mau kupee i manaoia he 6% -7% wale no o ka heluna o na Elepani hihiu (Jayewardene, J.-1994). Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka helu ʻana o ka elephant i hana ʻia ma 2011 e ka Wildlife Conservation Department o Sri Lanka, ʻo 2% wale nō o ka heluna heluna he mau tuskers.
ʻO nā ʻōpala he mau ʻūhā luna o ka ʻelepani. Ua ʻike ʻia ka niho ʻelepani a ʻo kona ʻāpana keʻa he ʻano laina crisscrossing, i kapa ʻia ʻo "engine turning," e hana ana i nā ʻāpana ʻano daimana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka ʻiʻo ma waho; ʻo ke koena i loko o ke kumu o ka iwi poʻo. Aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka ʻiʻo ka pulp, a he mau aʻalolo kekahi e hohola ana i ka piko. E like me nā kānaka, ʻo ka lima ʻākau a hema paha, ʻo ka ʻelepani ka ʻākau a i ʻole ka lima hema. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo master tusk, ʻoi aku ka luhi, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka pōkole me ka ʻaoʻao pōʻai. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻuala i ke ola o ka ʻelepani.
Hoʻohana nā Tusks i nā kumu he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka wai, ka paʻakai, a me nā aʻa; ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ke kaha ʻana i nā lāʻau; a no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā lālā ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi ala. I ka hakakā ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka pale ʻana, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kumu.
Hāʻawi nā ʻelepani ʻeleʻele i kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi a hanohano i ka ʻelepani akā i ka manawa like he hōʻino. He pōʻino ia no ka mea, ʻo ke kuko o ke kanaka i ka niho ʻelepani ua alakaʻi i ka luku ʻana i nā haneli haneli o nā holoholona nani.
ʻO nā tuskers ikona o Sri Lanka
Ma muli paha o ka liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā Elepani kāne Sri Lanka i loaʻa i nā ʻū, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kahi tusker ma ka nahele he mea hoihoi loa, a ʻimi nui ʻia. No laila, ua lilo kekahi mau kanaka ma kekahi o nā paka ola hihiu i mau kiʻi kaulana.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o nā tuskers ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o kēia, akā aia paha he pūnāwai tusker gene pool ma kekahi mau wahi. ʻO Kala-Wewe a me Yala National Parks ʻoi aku ka nui o nā tuskers, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻelepani hihiu nui loa ʻo Uda Walawe National Park he kakaikahi wale nō.
ʻO Gemunu kaulana ʻo Yala Fame
ʻAʻohe kānalua i ka wā i hala aku nei ua lilo ka tusker i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Gemunu' i kekahi o nā elepani kaulana loa ma ka Yala National Park block 1 area, ma muli o kāna mau ʻano ʻano maʻamau.
He ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻo ia i kona wā mua, ma kahi o 25+ mau makahiki, e hele pinepine ana i ka Block 1 o ka Yala National Park. Ua kaulana ʻo Gemunu ma muli o kona maʻa ʻana i ka hele ʻana i nā jeep a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka waiwai o nā malihini. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia (e like me nā hōʻike i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia) ʻo ia i hānai ʻia i kona mau lā ʻōpio ma ka hale o ka luakini ʻo Sithulpahuwa.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻowalewale nā mea hoʻokele jeep a me nā mea hoʻokele safari iā ia ma ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe ma ko lākou mau lima, i loaʻa ai i kā lākou mea kūʻai ke 'hauʻoli hou' i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka ʻelepani i kāna kumu i loko o ka jeep a ma luna o lākou. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kaulana kēia, a aia kekahi mau kiʻi wikiō ma You Tube e hōʻike maopopo ana i nā mea hoʻohana Safari e paʻa ana i ko lākou lima me ka meaʻai a hoʻoikaika iā Gemunu e hoʻokokoke.
I kēia manawa, hāʻawi paha kēia i nā mea hauʻoli hou i ka poʻe malihini e hoʻopā aku i kahi elepani hihiu iā lākou, akā ua piha ia i ka pilikia nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole ʻo Gemunu i hoʻopōʻino a hoʻouka paha i kekahi, akā no ka poʻe i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka ʻelepani, he pahu manawa kēia e kali nei e lele. ʻO ka malihini makaʻu wale nō e hana i kahi neʻe hewa, e huhū ai ka Elepani a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻopōʻino, e hōʻeha i nā jeeps a me nā ola.
No laila, ua lilo ʻo Gemunu i 'ikona' kaulana ma Yala, ʻoiai he mea kānalua.
He holoholona akamai loa ka Elepani a no laila hiki iā lākou ke aʻo koke i kekahi mau ʻano, ʻoiai inā hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai i nā ʻelepani, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, hiki ke hoʻokalakala ʻia a aʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i nā kauoha like ʻole a hana i kekahi mau 'hoʻopunipuni'.
Ma ka hihia o Gemunu, ʻo ia ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana momona mai kāna 'hoʻouka' i nā kaʻa i maʻa iā ia i kēia maʻamau.
No laila, he mea hoʻopūʻiwa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lono i ka haki ʻana o Gemunu i kekahi o kāna mau ʻiʻo i ka hakakā ʻana me kekahi ʻelepani.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka wā e hiki ai i nā elepani bipi ʻoi aʻe ke spar a i kekahi manawa e hakakā no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kekahi kāne ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia inā ʻo Gemunu i ka wā i hana ʻia ai kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻike. Wahi a kekahi manaʻo, ua hakakā ʻo ia me ʻelua mau puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo Sando (he tusker mai Block 11) a me Perakum.
Ma ka hihia o Gemunu e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻiʻo holoʻokoʻa mai ke aʻa ponoʻī, ʻaʻohe wahi koena o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā ʻōpala haki
ʻAʻole i maʻa mau nā ʻelepani haʻihaʻi i nā ʻelepani, hiki ke nalowale iā lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka hakakā me nā kāne ʻē aʻe, akā i ka wā o nā neʻe kūlohelohe, e like me ka ʻeli ʻana, ka ʻeli ʻana i ka wai, a me ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau.
I ka wā e ʻoki ai ka ʻiʻo ma ke aʻa ponoʻī (e like me Gemunu), hiki mai ka hemorrhage inā ʻike ʻia ka pulp, a hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi lua. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻo Gemunu e hana maikaʻi ana ma hope o ka haki ʻana i kāna ʻōpala, hoʻi i kāna mau hana maʻa me nā jeeps.
Ua hōʻoia mai ke kauka lapaʻau nui o ka Elephant Transit Home ma Uda Walawe iaʻu e nānā pono ʻia ʻo Gemunu e ʻike inā loaʻa kekahi maʻi. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kahi i haki ʻia ai nā ʻelepani, akā ua waiho ʻia ka nui o ka niho ʻelepani i loko o ka lua pulp, no laila ua hoʻopaʻa maoli ʻia ka pulp mai ke kaiapuni o waho.
I kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻiʻo ke kumu o ka ʻelepani, he mea hoihoi ia inā ʻaʻole ʻoki ʻia ke aʻa i ke aʻa, a laila e ulu mau ka ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o kēia ma ka hihia o 'Walawe Raja' i hala (i unuhi ʻia ʻo 'King of Uda Walawe') ka mea a ka mea kākau i 'ike maikaʻi' i ka wā e alakaʻi ana ʻo ia i kāna noiʻi ma ka Uda Walawe National Park.
ʻO Raja nā paka i hōʻikeʻike nui ʻia, ʻo ka tusker hanohano i ka wā mua o kona ola, ka mea i hele pinepine i ka paka. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Raja i ka wā maloʻo, mai Iulai a ʻOkakopa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ke ʻike koke ʻia ʻo ia, e noho ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mahina ma ka paka. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, aia ʻo ia i ka musth, a ua hoʻohana i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahine hoʻokipa i nā holoholona. I loko o ke koena o ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike maoli i kahi i nalowale ai. Ma nā mea a pau, ua auwana ʻo ia mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka paka i ka ʻāina ʻo Balangoda a me Hambegamuwa. Ua lawe mau ʻo ia i nā ʻeha mai kāna huakaʻi ʻana ma waho o ka paka, kahi i mālama ʻia e ke kauka lāʻau lapaʻau kamaʻāina.
ʻO ia hoʻi ka hōkū o ka BBC holoholona hihiu kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'The Last Tusker', a ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka Natural History New Zealand kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o 'Between Two Worlds', i hoʻolele ʻia ma Discovery Channel
I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 2010 i ka nalo koke ʻana o Raja, ua kau wau me kaʻu keiki ʻo Dimitri i kahi ʻimi no ka holoholona hanohano, i kākoʻo ʻia e kekahi mau mea aloha a me nā mea hāʻawi. No ʻekolu mahina ua ʻimi mākou ma waho o nā ʻāpana hikina ʻākau o ka paka, e ʻimi ana i nā alakaʻi o nā ʻike ʻike. He hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia a he nui nā puʻupuʻu hoʻopunipuni, me nā manaʻolana i hāpai ʻia i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole i hāʻule koke i ka honua.
Me ka puʻuwai kaumaha, ua kāpae mākou i kā mākou ʻimi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 2011 a ua hoʻoholo mākou ʻaʻole i hala ka Raja hanohano. ʻAʻole ʻike hou ʻia ʻo Raja.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa i ka wā e noho aliʻi ai ʻo Raja i ka paka, ʻo ia ka mea i uhaʻi i kāna ʻili hema ma kahi o 2005. Akā ʻaʻole like me Gemunu, ʻaʻole i haki ka ʻōpala ma ke aʻa akā ma ke ala waena, e waiho ana i kahi kumu e puka mai ana. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ʻike mākou e ulu mālie ana. He mea kupanaha maoli keia, a'u i ike ole ai ia manawa, a ua loaa ia'u ka hooiaio mai kekahi poe akamai elepani a puni ka honua.
Panina
No laila, ʻoiai ua hoʻi hou ʻo Gemunu i kona mau wahi kahiko ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o kāna ʻiʻo, pono ke nānā pono ʻia ʻo ia e ʻike inā loaʻa kahi maʻi i ke aʻa i ʻike ʻia. Pono ka DWC e nānā pono i kēia.
He waiwai nui ʻo ia i mea kaulana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ola no nā holoholona hihiu o Sri Lanka e nalowale.
