ʻO ka (Un) kuhi maʻamau o Bat-origin Novel Coronavirus

A ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou ka ʻO ka novel coronavirus ke kuleana no ka maʻi pneumonia ma ka moku ʻo Hubei o Kina- pili ka maʻi kumu ʻōpeʻa i nā coronaviruses pathogenic i ʻike ʻia

ka 2019 ʻO ka novel coronavirus (CoV) ke kumu o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma luna o 1300 mau ola, me ka ʻoi aku o 52000 mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka maʻi. ʻO Pepeluali 13, 2020, nā mea āpau ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina wale nō. Akā, he aha kēia virus? He maʻi maʻi hou loa ia? No hea mai ia? Ua hui pū nā ʻepekema mai nā kula noiʻi kiʻekiʻe ma Kina e pane i kēia mau nīnau, a ua paʻi ʻia kēia noiʻi paionia ma Ka Palapala Kauka ʻĀina.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFKWluuMdgs

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba, ua hoʻomaka kekahi poʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Wuhan ma ka ʻāina ʻo Hubei o Kina i ka maʻi ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kahi mākeke kai kai kūloko. Ua ʻike lākou i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻū, ke kuni, a me ka pōkole o ka hanu, a me nā hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi koke, akā ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ke kumu. He aha ke kumu o kēia maʻi hou? ʻO ia ka maʻi maʻi hanu ʻeha nui (SARS)-CoV? ʻO ia ka Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV? E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua hana nā ʻepekema i kahi noiʻi e ʻike ai i kēia maʻi ma Dekemaba ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā hihia mua. Ua paʻi ʻia kēia haʻawina ma Ka Palapala Kauka ʻĀina a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike o ka maʻi maʻi-he maʻi hou loa ia, pili kokoke i ka ʻōpeʻa SARS-like CoV. ʻO Dr. Jianwei Wang (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology), alakaʻi noiʻi ma ke aʻo ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia, "Ua hoʻokumu kā mākou pepa i ka ʻike o ka CoV kumu ʻāʻī i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa."

I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua ʻike pū nā ʻepekema mai nā keʻena noiʻi kaulana ma Kina, e like me ka Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Institute of Pathogen Biology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, a me Peking Union Medical College, a ʻike pū i ka CoV hou - ke kumu nui o ka puka ʻana o Wuhan—e ka hanauna e hiki mai ana (NGS). Ua nānā lākou i ʻelima mau maʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Halemai ʻo Jin Yin-tan ma Wuhan, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he poʻe limahana ma ka Huanan Seafood Market ma Wuhan. Ua loaʻa kēia mau maʻi i ke kuni kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻū, a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, a ua ʻike mua ʻia he maʻi maʻi maʻi, akā no ke kumu ʻike ʻole. Ua piʻi koke ke kūlana o kekahi mau maʻi i ARDS; ua make kekahi. Wahi a Dr Wang, "Ua hōʻike ʻia nā x-ray o ka umauma o nā maʻi i kekahi mau opacities a me nā consolidations, kahi maʻamau o ka maʻi pneumonia. Akā naʻe, makemake mākou e ʻike i ke kumu o ka maʻi pneumonia, a ua hōʻike kā mākou mau hoʻokolohua hope i ke kumu kūpono—he CoV hou i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua."

No ka noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i nā laʻana wai bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) i lawe ʻia mai ka poʻe maʻi (ʻo ka BAL kahi hana e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai ka wai sterile i nā māmā ma o ka bronchoscope a laila ʻohi ʻia no ka nānā ʻana).

ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema e ʻike i ka maʻi ma o ka genome sequencing, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana NGS. ʻO NGS ke ʻano kānana i makemake ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pathogens ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka mea e ʻike koke a hoʻopau i nā microorganism pathogenic i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hāpana. Ma muli o ke kaʻina o ka DNA/RNA mai nā laʻana wai BAL, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻo ka hapa nui o nā heluhelu viral no ka ʻohana CoV. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā "heluhelu" like ʻole o nā CoVs a kūkulu i kahi kaʻina genomic holoʻokoʻa no ka maʻi hou; ʻO kēia mau kaʻina he 99.8-99.9% like i waena o nā laʻana a pau o nā maʻi, e hōʻoia ana ʻo kēia virus ka pathogen maʻamau i nā maʻi āpau. Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka homology analysis, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai kahi kaʻina genome me nā kaʻina genome i ʻike ʻia (me ka paepae preset o 90% no ka mea e manaʻo ʻia he ʻano "hou"), ua hōʻoia lākou he 79.0% ke kaʻina genome o kēia maʻi hou. like me ka SARS-CoV, ma kahi o 51.8% like me ka MERS-CoV, a ma kahi o 87.6–87.7% like me na SARS-like CoVs mai nā ʻōpeʻe kāmaʻa lio Kina (i kapa ʻia ʻo ZC45 a me ZXC21). Hōʻike ka hōʻike phylogenetic ʻo nā kaʻina o nā ʻelima CoV i loaʻa i kahi kokoke loa i nā kaila i loaʻa i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lālā evolutionary kaʻawale. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia mau ʻike mai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ka maʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr Wang, "No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka like o ka gene replicase viral me nā maʻi like ʻole "like" ʻē aʻe ma mua o 90%, a me ka noʻonoʻo pū ʻana i nā hopena o ka loiloi phylogenetic, manaʻo mākou he CoV hou kēia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ma mua. Ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi hou ʻo 2019-nCoV."

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua neʻe ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka "hoʻokaʻawale" i ka maʻi mai ka BAL fluid samples ma ka nānā ʻana inā ua hōʻike nā ʻano wai i ka hopena cytopathic i nā laina kelepona i ka hale hana. Ua ʻike ʻia nā cell i hōʻike ʻia i ka wai ma lalo o kahi microscope electron, a ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano like me CoV. Ua hoʻohana pū lākou i ka immunofluorescence-he ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i nā antibodies kikoʻī i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea hoʻonaninani fluorescent. No kēia, ua hoʻohana lākou i ka serum mai ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻōla ana (i loaʻa nā antibodies), ka mea i pane me nā ʻāpana viral i loko o nā keʻena; ua hōʻoia kēia ʻo kēia virus ke kumu o ka maʻi.

Hāʻawi kēia haʻawina i ke ala no nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana e hoʻomaopopo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi a me kāna mau kumu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona laha wikiwiki ʻana, kona hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ARDS make, a me ka hopohopo i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka laha. ʻOiai ʻo 4 o nā maʻi 5 i ʻike ʻia mai kēia maʻi mai kahi mākeke iʻa ma Wuhan, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu maoli o ka maʻi. Ua hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka CoV i nā kānaka ma o ka mea lawe "waena", e like me ka SARS-CoV (ʻiʻo palm civet) a i ʻole MERS-CoV (kamelo). Ua hoʻopau ʻo Dr Wang, "He zoonotic nā CoV kanaka a pau, a ua puka mai kekahi mau CoV kanaka mai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, me ka SARS- a me MERS-CoVs. Hōʻike maopopo kā mākou haʻawina i ka pono wikiwiki no ka nānā mau ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā CoV kumu-bat-origin i nā kānaka. ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o kēia maʻi he mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa ia i ke olakino lehulehu, a no laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu o kēia maʻi a hoʻoholo i nā hana hou aʻe ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi nui.. "