He mea hoʻokani waina nui ʻo ʻIseraʻela, e hana ana i nā ʻano ʻano kosher lanakila ʻaʻole wale no nā lā hoʻomana hoʻomana, nā hana, a me nā meaʻai kuʻuna. ʻAʻole i hoʻoikaika ʻia nā wahine. ʻO kēia ʻatikala waina maikaʻi waiho i nā mea a pau a loaʻa ka ʻike. Ke aloha!
ʻO Barkan Winery
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i lohe i kēia ma mua, e ʻae mai iaʻu e haʻi aku iā ʻoe i kēia manawa… ʻO Israel ka mea hoʻokani waina nui, e hana ana i kosher lanakila nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole no nā lā hoʻomana hoʻomana, nā hana hoʻomana, a me nā meaʻai kuʻuna.
Nā mākeke māka
ʻO wai ka mea kūʻai mai i ka waina kosher mai ka ʻIseraʻela? ʻO ka mākeke kūʻai nui loa no nā waina Israeli ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, me ka ʻoi aku o 50 pakeneka o ka hana i kuhikuhi ʻia i kēia mākeke pahuhopu; Loaʻa iā ʻEulopa he 35 pakeneka o nā waina kosher, a ʻo ke koena, he pākēneka e ulu nei, loaʻa ma ka Hikina mamao. ʻO ka US ka mākeke nui loa no nā waina ʻIseraʻela no ka mea aia kēia ʻāina ma kahi o 5.5 miliona mau Iudaio a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua miliona Israelis e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻOhi ʻo ʻIseraʻela ma kahi o 60,000 tons o nā hua waina a hoʻohua mai ma luna o 40 miliona mau hue waina (2021). Aia ma kahi o kanahiku mau hale kūʻai waina, a ʻo nā hale waina nui he ʻumi e hoʻomalu i ka 90 pakeneka o ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e hoʻonui ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o $ 40 miliona.
Ka hoomaka ana o ka waina. Mahalo iā ʻoe, e Noa.
He ʻāina hou ʻo ʻIseraʻela ma kekahi o nā ʻāina ulu waina kahiko loa ma ka Hikina Hikina, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka moʻomeheu waina.
Ma mua o ka poʻe Helene a me ko Roma, a ma mua o ka poʻe Italia a me Farani, hana ka poʻe noho i ka waina i ka ʻIseraʻela kahiko.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka waina ma ka puke ʻo King James o ka Baibala 233 mau manawa, aʻo ka New International Version he 240 mau ʻōlelo.
Ma ka Baibala (Buke o Genesis) ua kakauia, i ka emi ana o ke kaiakahinalii (2350 BC), ua lele aku o Noa, kona ohana, a me na holoholona, elua a elua.
Loaʻa iā Noa kahi ʻāpana ʻāina kokoke a hoʻomaka e kanu i ka māla waina. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia ka māla waina mua loa i kanu ʻia ma ka Honua, akā ʻo ia ka mea nona ka māla waina i kākau mua ʻia.
ʻO kahi kahi a Noa i kanu ai i kāna māla waina, ʻo ia ka mauna ʻo Ararata, aia ma nā mauna Caucasus, i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka palena ʻo Turkish Armenian. Hōʻike nā hōʻike archaeological ʻo kēia ka ʻāina kokoke i Georgia kahi i loaʻa ai ka hale waina mua ua hookumuia ma na kauhale liilii.
Nui nā kaomi waina a me nā ipu pālolo nui (Kvevris) i hoʻohana ʻia no ka fermentation a me ka mālama ʻana i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻIseraʻela. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā hua waina ma lalo o ka wāwae i loko o kahi kīʻaha limestone pāpaʻu. ʻO ka fermentation he kūlohelohe a hikiwawe. Ua waiho ʻia ka waina i ka makahiki i loko o ka ipu hao amphorae, pinepine i loko o nā ana ʻeleʻele ʻoluʻolu, e manaʻo ana ua hoʻomaka nā hui kāne a me nā wahine i ka mahi ʻana i nā kumu waina hihiu a me ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina i ka makahiki 6000 BC.
Nui ka ʻai ʻana i ka waina no ka mea ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka inu ʻana ma mua o ka wai, a aia kahi kūʻai waina kiʻekiʻe loa.
Ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o Muslin a me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻOttoman Empire, ua maloʻo ka ʻoihana waina e ulu nei. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka waina i ke kenekulia 19 he hana ma ka home no ka pono kuʻuna.
I nā makahiki 1880, hoʻomaka ka poʻe Iudaio e hoʻi i ʻIseraʻela e ʻimi i ka hana kūpono. Ua kākoʻo ʻia kā lākou mau hana a kākoʻo ʻia e ka French Baron Edmund de Rothschild, nona ka hale waina ʻo Bordeaux, Chateau Lafite. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi ʻoihana waina ʻIseraʻela hou me ka waiwai nui ma ke kanu ʻana i nā māla waina, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale waina nui me nā lua lalo hohonu, a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā loea Farani, me nā mea hana waina a me nā agronomists, e aʻo i ka ʻIseraʻela pehea e hana ai i ka waina. ʻO kāna hana maikaʻi loa e hana i ka waina maikaʻi ua kūleʻa ʻo ia ka mea mua o kāna hui waina ʻo Carmel.
I nā makahiki 1980, ua lawe ʻia mai nā poʻe loea Kaleponi e lawe mai i kahi hoʻololi waina hou o ka honua e hoʻolauna ana i nā ʻenehana hou i ka hale waina a me ka māla waina. I nā makahiki 1990, ʻo nā hale waina liʻiliʻi e hana ana i nā waina me ka makemake a me ke kanaka hoʻokahi i hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi boom winery boutique. I ka makahiki 2000, ua lilo ka waina ʻIseraʻela i mea hoʻoweliweli, e hana ana i ka waina mai nā māla waina hoʻokahi i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona mai kēlā me kēia pā i loko o ka māla waina. Ua loaʻa iā ʻIseraʻela ka ʻike maikaʻi ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa no ka manawa mua.
ʻO nā waina Kosher ma mua o ka noho aupuni
ʻElima mau ʻāina mahi waina i ka ʻIseraʻela: ʻO ka Negev, Judean Hills, Samesona, Samaria, a me Galilaia-Golan. ʻO nā mea hana nui o ka waina ʻIseraʻela ʻo Karemela, Golan Heights, a me Barkan, nāna e lawe aku i nā miliona o nā hue i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia lā, aia ma kahi o 350 hale kūʻai waina.
Ma kahi o 15 pakeneka o ka waina ʻIseraʻela i lawe ʻia i waho; ʻO ia, he 80 pakeneka kosher, me ka emi iho o ka 15 pakeneka i hanaʻia no ka hanaʻahaʻaina.
ʻO Karemela ka hale waina nui loa ma ka ʻIseraʻela a ʻo ka hale waina nui loa ma ka honua e hana ana i ka waina kosher. ʻO Barkan Cellars (nona nā waina Segal) ʻo ia ka lua o ka waina nui loa ma ka ʻIseraʻela a nona ka hale kūʻai nui loa o ka ʻIseraʻela, ʻo Tempo Beer Industries, ʻo ia ka mea inu nui loa o ka ʻIseraʻela a me ka lua o ka hui inu nui e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona honua e like me Heineken, Chivas Regal, Absolut, a me Pepsi Cola . ʻO Binyamina ka ʻelima o ka ʻoihana waina nui loa a ʻIseraʻela a nona ka hale kūʻai nui ʻo Hetzi Hinam.
ʻO ka ʻIseraʻela Viticulture
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka kanu ʻana i ka hua waina i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela no ka mea, ʻaʻole mau ka wai a he wela a haʻahaʻa paha ke kahakai. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau pilikia, a i kēia manawa ʻo ka ulu wikiwiki loa o nā wahi e pili ana i ke kanu ʻana i nā māla waina hou, ʻo ia ka Judean Foothills, Judean Hills, Upper Galilee, a me Golan Heights, no ka mea, piʻi ka nui o kēia mau wahi mai 400 mika a 1000 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. E hoʻohui i ka lā o ka ʻIseraʻela, nā puʻu, a me nā wahi mauna me nā lepo o ka limestone, terra rossa, a me ka lua pele, a ke lilo nei kēia ʻāina liʻiliʻi i ka moeʻuhane o ka mea hana waina.
Ma muli o ka nele o ka ua i ka wā e ulu ana, pono ka hoʻoheheʻe wai. Ua paionia ia e ka ʻIseraʻela i ka makahiki 1960 mua a ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao i makemake nui ʻia o ka māla waina ʻIseraʻela, he pali e kū pono ana i ka ʻākau me nā kumu waina i kanu ʻia mai ka hikina a i ke komohana. Hiki i ka makani Mediterranean mai ke komohana ke komo i loko o nā lālani o nā kumu waina a loaʻa ka hopena hoʻomaha, e hāʻawi ana i ka ea a pēlā e hoʻemi ai i ka haʻahaʻa a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mahana maʻamau.
o ʻO ka hapa nui o nā māla waina i kanu ʻia i nā makahiki he iwakāluakūmālima i hala aku nei e like me ka maʻamau - 1.5 mika ma waena o nā kumu waina a me 3 mau mika ma waena o nā lālani.
o He 2220 kumu waina no ka ʻeka maʻamau.
o ʻOhi mīkini
o Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ahiahi a lawe pololei ʻia i ka hale hana waina i nā mahana anuanu o ke kakahiaka nui.
o He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻokele canopy ma kahi ʻāina wela
o E nānā i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika o nā kumu waina a me ka pale ʻana i nā hua waina mai ka ʻike nui ʻana.
o Ua ʻoki ʻia ka hapa nui o nā māla waina me ka Vertical Shoot Position (VSP)
He aha ka mea e pono ai e lilo i Kosher
No ke kosher ma lalo o nā kānāwai meaʻai Iudaio, pono e hana ʻia ka waina mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i ka pau ʻana e kekahi kāne makua kāne Iudaio makaʻala; akā naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe ʻaʻole Iudaio ke kuleana i ka māla waina a ʻohi i nā hua waina. Kosher (Yiddish no PROPER a i ʻole FIT), pono e hana ʻia:
1. Manaʻo ʻia e kahi rabi
2. Loaʻa i nā mea kosher wale nō (me ka hū a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe)
3. Pono e hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako i hōʻoia ʻia e ka rabi no ka hana ʻana i nā waina kosher.
4. Me ka ʻole o nā mea mālama a i ʻole nā waihoʻoluʻu i hoʻohui ʻia
5. Ua lawelawe ʻia, mai ke kumu waina a i ke kīʻaha waina e nā Iudaio mālama Sābati, ke ʻole ʻo MEVUSHAL ka waina.
6. ʻO nā waina Mevushal, ʻaʻole like me nā waina kosher maʻamau, hiki ke lawelawe a lawelawe ʻia e nā poʻe ʻaʻole Iudaio.
7. Pono e hoʻomehana ʻia ka waina Mevusal a hiki i 185-degere F. Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ʻano o ka waina i ka loaʻa ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe; akā naʻe, ua hoʻomohala nā mea hana i nā ʻenehana flash-pasteurization e hōʻemi i ka hopena i ka ʻono o ka waina
8. No ka lilo ʻana i kosher no ka mōliaola, pono ʻole ka waina i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka syrup kulina a me nā legumes)
Welina
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia au iā Barkan Wines ma kahi hanana hou ma New York City i kākoʻo ʻia e Barkan Winery a me ka Israel Wine Producers Association (WPA), he hui i hoʻokumu ʻia e hoʻokele i nā ʻoihana waina a ʻIseraʻela a hoʻolaha i ka ʻIseraʻela ma ke ʻano he ʻāina hana waina maikaʻi.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo Barkan Winery ma 1990 e Shmuel Boxer lāua ʻo Yair Lerner. I ka wā mua, aia nā hana ma ka Barkan Industrial Estate, kokoke iā Ariel. I ka makahiki 1994, ua hele ka hui i ka lehulehu a ua neʻe aku i kahi hale waina hou loa ma Hulda, kokoke i Rehovot, ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi māla waina he 120 ʻeka, ka māla waina nui loa ma ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mea kuleana nui ma Barkan ʻo Shmuel Boxer, Yair Lerner, a me Zivit Shapir.
Hoʻopuka ʻo Barkan Wine Cellars i 12-14 miliona mau hue i ka makahiki. Loaʻa iā ia nā hua waina mai nā hale waina ma Golan Heights, Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee, Mount Tabor region, the Jerusalem Mountains, a me Mitzpe Ramon.
Aia ʻo Barkan me Village, La Tavola, Barkani Classic, Reserve, Signature, Superior, a me Altitude. Ke hana nei ka hui ma ka launa pū ʻana me nā hale waina ma ka honua, me ka Royal Wine Company (US), Kedem Europe Ltd (UK) a me Ron Riess Import Export (Kelemānia a me S.A.R.L Zaoui (Palani).
ʻO Ido Levinson ka mea hana waina nui, nāna i aʻo i ka viticulture a me ka enology ma Italia ma ke Kulanui o Milan a ua hana ma Tuscany, Farani, Australia, a me Israel. Ma 2017 ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ke poʻo Winemaker o Barkan-Segal Wine Cellars. ʻO Levinson ka lua o ka haku waina ma ka ʻIseraʻela a ʻo kekahi o nā haku 409 (MW) ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, nona nā mea hana waina he 100.
Na Waina
Nānā Kosher: OK. Rabi Ungar, Rabi Berger. ʻO Cabernet Sauvignon. ʻAʻole ʻo Mevushal. Kosher no ka moliaola. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā barela ʻoka Farani. Ua hoʻomoʻa wale ʻia kēia waina e ka hū ʻōiwi, loaʻa maoli ma ka māla waina a ma nā hua waina. Hoʻokumu ka ʻenehana i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūikawā o nā ʻano a me nā ʻala.
Nā memo. I ka maka, ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele me ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa i ka ihu nā blackberries, blackcurrants, plums ʻeleʻele, cloves, earth, wood, light vanilla, dark chocolate, coffee, and black pepper. Me ka ʻawaʻawa waena, hāʻawi ia i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka waha. E hoʻomaloʻo i ka palale me nā cherries, raspberries, blueberries, ʻoka, nā mea ʻala, a me ka pepa. ʻO nā tannin maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā raspberry tangy e hoʻopau i ka ʻike ʻono. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wehe ʻana o ka hue, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā tannins.
ʻO Marawi (aka Hamdani) kekahi o nā hua waina ʻōiwi ʻōiwi o ʻIseraʻela mai Bar Giora ma nā mauna ʻo Iudea. Ua hoʻomaka ka hua waina ma mua o 2000 mau makahiki, ua hoʻopuka hou ʻia, a ua hana ʻia ma ke kālepa. Ma ka launa pū ʻana me ka noiʻi ʻana o Dr. Shivi Drori ma ke Kulanui ʻo Ariel a me nā hale kūʻai waina hou e like me Segal, aia i kēia manawa kahi manawa e ʻike ai i kahi hua waina kahiko. Ma hope o ka fermentation ʻana i loko o nā pahu kila kila, ʻewalu mau mahina o ka waina ma nā pahu ʻoka Farani me ka batonnage mau.
Nā memo. Hōʻike ʻia ka maka me kahi hue gula lemon medium. Me koʻu ihu kokoke i ke aniani, hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i ka ʻoka māmā me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka hua pōhaku a me ka citrus. ʻO ka ʻike o ka palate he ʻōlinolino a ʻoʻoleʻa, a ukali ʻia e nā lemona a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Inā makemake ʻoe i ka waina hua, e lilo ʻo Native i BFF nou, a e ʻoluʻolu ʻoe i ka grapefruit a me nā nectarine i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻala ʻala ma hope o ka sip, ke aniani ma hope o ke aniani.
Ua ulu ka huawaina ma Galilaia luna.
Nā memo. ʻO ka poni ʻeleʻele hohonu i ka maka a me nā ʻeleʻele, nā keri ʻeleʻele, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka ʻoka, ka nutmeg, nā mea kanu hou, a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e paʻa i ka ihu. ʻO ke kino piha piha ma ka palale i hoʻonui ʻia e ka graphite a me ka licorice, ka mea ʻala, ka basil, a me ka paka. Kū aʻe nā Tannins a alakaʻi i kahi hopena lōʻihi.
© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
