ʻO Willard Hotel: ʻO ka hale noho hanohano o nā Pelekikena

Ua wehewehe ka National Park Service a me ka US Department of the Interior i ka moʻolelo o ka Hotele Willard penei:

Ua ʻike ka mea kākau ʻAmelika ʻo Nathaniel Hawthorne i ka makahiki 1860 "hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Willard Hotel ʻo ke kikowaena o Wakinekona ma mua o ka Capitol a i ʻole ka Hale Paʻi a i ʻole ke Keʻena Moku'āina." Mai ka makahiki 1847 i ka wā i hoʻokumu mua ai nā kaikuaʻana ʻo Willard, ʻo Henry lāua ʻo Edwin, i mau hale hoʻokipa ma ke kihi o 14th Street a me Pennsylvania Avenue, ua noho ʻo Willard i kahi niche kūʻokoʻa i ka mōʻaukala o Wakinekona a me ka lāhui.

Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka Hotele Willard e Henry Willard i kona hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā hale ʻeono i ka makahiki 1847, a hui pū ʻia i hoʻokahi hale, a hoʻonui ʻia i loko o kahi hōkele ʻehā papa āna i kapa hou ai ʻo Willard Hotel. Ua kūʻai ʻo Willard i ka hale hōkele mai Ogle Tayloe i ka makahiki 1864.

I ka makahiki 1860, kākau ʻo Nathaniel Hawthorne i ka mea kākau "hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Willard Hotel ʻo ke kikowaena o Wakinekona ma mua o ka Capitol a i ʻole ka Hale Paʻi a i ʻole ke Keʻena Moku'āina."

Mai ka lā 4 o Pepeluali a hiki i ka lā 27 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1861, ua hui ka Peace Congress, me nā ʻelele mai 21 o nā mokuʻāina he 34, ma Willard i kahi hoʻāʻo hope loa e pale i ke Kaua Kivila. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia kēia hoʻoikaika wiwo ʻole ʻana mai ka Virginia Civil War Commission, aia ma Pennsylvania Ave. Ma hope o kēlā makahiki, i ka lohe ʻana i kahi regiment Union e hīmeni ana iā "John Brown's Body" i ko lākou hele ʻana ma lalo o kona pukaaniani, ua kākau ʻo Julia Ward Howe i nā mele o "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" ʻoiai e noho ana ma ka hōkele i Nowemapa 1861.

Ma ka la 23 o Feberuari, 1861, mawaena o kekahi mau olelo hooweliweli pepehi kanaka, ua hoopio ka makaikiu Allan Pinkerton ia Aberahama Linekona iloko o ka Willard; Ma laila ʻo Linekona i noho ai a hiki i kona hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻana i ka lā 4 o Malaki, me ka mālama ʻana i nā hālāwai ma ke keena a me ka hana ʻana mai kona lumi.

Nui nā pelekikena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hele pinepine i ka Willard, a ʻo kēlā me kēia pelekikena mai ka wā ʻo Franklin Pierce i moe ai a i hele paha i kahi hanana ma ka hōkele ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi; ʻO ka hōkele no laila ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka hale noho o nā pelekikena." ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau o Ulysses S. Grant ka inu ʻana i ka whiskey a me ka puhi paka i ka wā e hoʻomaha ana i ka lobby. Manaʻo ʻo Folklore (hoʻolaha ʻia e ka hōkele) ʻo ia ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo "lobbying," ʻoiai ʻo Grant i hoʻokokoke pinepine ʻia e ka poʻe e ʻimi nei. Eia naʻe, he hewa paha kēia, ʻoiai ʻo Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka huaʻōlelo “to lobby” i ka makahiki 1837. Ua noho ʻo Grover Cleveland ma laila i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna kau ʻelua i ka makahiki 1893, no ka hopohopo i ke olakino o kāna pēpē pēpē ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻulaʻula ma ka Hale Keʻokeʻo. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻolālā no ka Hui o nā Aupuni a Woodrow Wilson i ka wā i mālama ai ʻo ia i nā hālāwai o ka League to Enforce Peace ma ke keena o ka hōkele i ka makahiki 1916. Ua noho ʻeono mau Hope Peresidena e noho ana ma Willard. ʻO Millard Fillmore lāua ʻo Thomas A. Hendricks, i kona manawa pōkole ma ke keʻena, ua noho ʻo ia ma ka Willard kahiko; a laila ʻo nā Hope Peresidena, ʻo James S. Sherman, ʻo Calvin Coolidge a me Charles Dawes hope loa ua noho lākou a pau i ka hale o kēia manawa no ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ko lākou hope-peresidena. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Fillmore lāua ʻo Coolidge i ka Willard, ʻoiai ma hope o ka lilo ʻana i pelekikena, e ʻae i ka manawa ʻohana mua e neʻe i waho o ka Hale Paʻa.

He mau haneri luna, he nui o lakou e paio ana i na koa kahiko o ke Kaua Honua I, i hui mua me ka General of the Army, John J. "Blackjack" Pershing, ma ka Willard Hotel ma ka la 2 o Okatoba, 1922, a ua hookumu mua i ka Ahahui Luna Hooko (ROA). ) ma ke ʻano he hui.

ʻO ka hale 12-papa i kēia manawa, i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka mea kākau hōkele kaulana ʻo Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, i wehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1901. Ua loaʻa i ke ahi nui i ka makahiki 1922 a ua hoʻoiho ʻia he $250,000 (e like me $3,865,300 i ka makahiki 2020), i nā poho. Ma waena o ka poʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka hōkele ʻo Hope Pelekikena Calvin Coolidge, kekahi mau senador US, haku mele ʻo John Philip Sousa, mea hana kiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Adolph Zukor, mea hoʻopuka nūpepa ʻo Harry Chandler, a me nā alakaʻi lehulehu ʻē aʻe, nā hui, a me nā alakaʻi politika i hiki ʻO ka ʻaina Gridiron makahiki. No nā makahiki he nui, ʻo Willard wale nō ka hōkele kahi i hiki ke kipa maʻalahi i ke kaona holoʻokoʻa o Wakinekona, a no laila ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i nā mea hanohano he nui i kona wā mōʻaukala.

Ua kūʻai aku ka ʻohana Willard i kāna ʻāpana o ka hōkele i ka makahiki 1946, a ma muli o ka hoʻokele hewa ʻana a me ka emi nui ʻana o ka wahi, ua pani ʻia ka hōkele me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana ma Iulai 16, 1968. Ua noho hakahaka ka hale no nā makahiki, a ua lana nā papahana he nui no kona wawahi ana. Ua hāʻule hope ia i loko o kahi mea hoʻokipa semi-public a kūʻai ʻia aku i ka Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. Ua mālama lākou i ka hoʻokūkū no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka waiwai a hāʻawi ʻia i ka hui ʻo Oliver Carr a me Golding Associates. A laila lawe mai nā hoa ʻelua i ka InterContinental Hotels Group e lilo i ʻāpana a me ka mea hoʻokele o ka hōkele. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka Willard i kona nani o ke kenekulia a ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi hui hale keʻena. No laila ua wehe hou ʻia ka hōkele ma waena o ka hoʻolauleʻa nui ma ʻAukake 20, 1986, kahi i hele ʻia e kekahi mau luna kānāwai o ka ʻAha Kiekie o ʻAmelika a me nā senador US. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka hōkele.

Ua kākau ʻo Martin Luther King Jr. i kāna haʻiʻōlelo kaulana ʻo "I Have a Dream" i loko o kāna lumi hōkele ma Willard i nā lā ma mua o kāna ʻAukake 28, 1963 Malaki ma Wakinekona no Jobs and Freedom.

Ma ka lā 23 o Kepakemapa, 1987, ua hōʻike ʻia ua hāʻule ʻo Bob Fosse i loko o kona lumi ma Willard a ua make ma hope. Ma hope mai ua ʻike ʻia ua make maoli ʻo ia ma George Washington University Hospital.

Ma waena o nā malihini kaulana ʻē aʻe a Willard ʻo PT Barnum, Walt Whitman, General Tom Thumb, Samuel Morse, ke Duke o Windsor, Harry Houdini, Gypsy Rose Lee, Gloria Swanson, Emily Dickinson, Jenny Lind, Charles Dickens, Bert Bell, Joe Paterno , a me Jim Sweeney.

Ua pana ʻo Steven Spielberg i ka hope o kāna kiʻi Minority Report ma ka hōkele i ke kauwela o 2001. Ua paʻi ʻo ia me Tom Cruise a me Max von Sydow ma ka Willard Room, Peacock Alley a me ka lumi kuke.

Aia ʻelua poloka mai ka Hale Paʻa, ua piha ka hōkele i nā ʻuhane o nā mea kaulana a ikaika. I loko o nā makahiki, ʻo ia kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā pelekikena, nā kālai'āina, nā kiaʻāina, nā mea kākau moʻolelo a me nā moʻomeheu. Ma Willard i haku ai ʻo Julia Ward Howe i "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." Ua mālama ʻo Gen. Ulysses S. Grant i ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo ma ka lobby a ua hōʻaiʻē ʻo Abraham Linekona i nā kāmaʻa hale mai ka mea nona ka hale.

Ua noho ʻo Pelekikena Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Taft, Wilson, Coolidge a me Harding ma Willard. ʻO nā malihini kaulana ʻē aʻe i komo pū me Charles Dickens, Buffalo Bill, David Lloyd George, PT Barnum, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Walt Whitman iā Willard i kāna mau paukū a ua kākau ʻo Mark Twain i ʻelua mau puke ma laila i nā makahiki 1900. ʻO ka Hope Pelekikena Thomas R. Marshall, i huhū i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka Willard, nāna i hoʻokumu i ka huaʻōlelo "ʻO ka mea e pono ai kēia ʻāina he cigar 5 keneta maikaʻi."

Ua noho hakahaka ʻo Willard mai 1968 a i ka pōʻino o ka wāwahi ʻia a hiki i 1986 i ka wā i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai i kona nani kahiko. Ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia kahi papahana hoʻihoʻi $73 miliona e ka National Park Service e hana hou i ka hōkele e like me ka pololei o ka mōʻaukala. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana pena he ʻumikūmāono mai ka hana lāʻau e ʻike ai i nā waihoʻoluʻu kumu o ka hōkele i ka makahiki 1901.

Ua kākau ʻo Paul Goldberger ka mea hoʻokalakupua o New York Times ma Kepakemapa 2, 1986:

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā hale hanohano i hāʻule i loko o kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua e hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hana hou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e like me ka mea i hana mua ʻia, a i ʻole he mau wehewehe noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻolālā kumu ma ke ʻano he lele lele.

ʻO Willard Hotel ka mea hou i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia. ʻO ka hapalua o kēia papahana e pili ana i ka hoʻihoʻi mahalo ʻia o ka hale hōkele nui loa o Wakinekona, kahi hale hoʻohanohano Beaux-Arts na Henry Hardenbergh i haʻalele ʻia mai ka makahiki 1968, kahi i hōʻeha ʻia i ka emi ʻana o kona kaiāulu, he mau poloka ma ka hikina o ka Hale Paʻa. ʻO ka hapa ʻē aʻe he mea hoʻohui hou, nā keʻena, nā hale kūʻai, nā plaza lehulehu a me kahi lumi pila hou no ka hōkele.

ʻO Stanley Turkel ua koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he Historian of the Year e ka Histories Hotels of America, he polokalamu manawaleʻa o ka National Trust for Historic Preservation, nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai ma 2020 a me 2015. ʻO Turel ka mea aʻoaʻo kūkā nui loa i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kāna hana kūkākūkā hōkele e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he loea ʻike i nā hihia e pili ana i ka hōkele, hāʻawi i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka kūkā kamaʻilio hōkele. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ma ke ʻano he Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus e ka Educational Institute o ka American Hotel and Lodging Association. [pale ʻia ka leka uila] 917-628-8549

Ua hoʻopuka ʻia kāna puke hou "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2".

Nā puke hōkele ʻē aʻe i paʻi ʻia:

• Nā Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui: Nā Paionia o ka ʻOhana Hotel (2009)

• Kūkulu ʻia e Noho Lā: 100+ Mau Hōkele Makahiki Ma Nu Ioka (2011)

• Kukulu ʻia a hala i hope: 100+ mau makahiki mau makahiki ma ka Hikina o ka Misisipi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar o ka Waldorf (2014)

• Nā Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui Volume 2: Nā Paionia o ka ʻOhana Hotel (2016)

• Kukulu ʻia a hala i hope: 100+ mau makahiki mau makahiki ma ke komohana o ka Misisipi (2017)

• Hotel Mavens Volume 2: ʻO Henry Morrison Flagler, ʻO Henry Bradley Plant, ʻo Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Nā Luna Nui Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui Volume I (2019)

• Mavens Hotel: Volume 3: ʻO Bob lāua ʻo Larry Tisch, ʻo Ralph Hitz, ʻo Cesar Ritz, ʻo Curt Strand

Hiki ke kauoha ʻia i kēia mau puke āpau mai AuthorHouse ma ke kipa ʻana stanleyturkel.com  a kaomi ʻana i ke poʻo inoa o ka puke.

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