Ua kapa ʻia ʻo East Port of Spain ma waena o nā wahi weliweli loa ma ka honua 'e kahi kino noiʻi kūwaho e nānā i ka ulu ʻana o nā lima liʻiliʻi a me ka hewa.
Ma kāna hōʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 31 o Dekemaba, 2009, ua ʻimi ka Small Arms Survey of Switzerland i ka piʻi ʻana o nā pūʻulu lawehala a me nā pepehi kanaka ʻano gangster ma Trinidad a me Tobago a ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e pau nā pilikia pū o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hōʻike he 53 ʻaoʻao i kapa ʻia "No Other Life-Gangs, Guns and Governance in Trinidad and Tobago."
Ua wehe ʻia me ka moʻolelo o ka gangster kaulana a i kekahi manawa he keikikāne gula kālai'āina ʻo Sean "Bill" Francis i pepehi ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua piha kona kino me 50 mau pōkā. ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka hōʻike, wahi a ka mea kākau, ʻo Dorn Townsend, i manaʻo ʻia e "hoʻonohonoho i ke ʻano."
Ua paʻi ʻo Townsend i kahi kiʻi ʻino o kahi ʻāina ʻāina waiwai akā ʻino, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a maʻamau "ma waho o kāna hui" i ʻike ʻia e hāʻule ana ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka lokomaikaʻi.
Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka pepa ua hoʻonui ʻia nā pepehi kanaka pili i ka pū i ka 1,000 i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala, ua hoʻomau ʻo Townsend i ka mokuna aʻe e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo T&T i mea nani o ka Caribbean. wahi hoʻopaʻa paʻa.
"ʻAʻole ia ka hihia," wahi āna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻike ma luna o ka ʻike i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā kumu kūloko like ʻole, me ka media, nā mākaʻi, nā polopeka kulanui a me nā hui ʻole aupuni.
"ʻAʻole kēia ʻano he 'war zone' ma ke ʻano he 'Wild West,' a ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua lilo nā wahi ʻilihune o Trinidad, ʻo ia hoʻi, i mea hoʻokalakupua no ka lawehala ʻana i ka hakakā ʻana o nā hui hoʻokūkū no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāina kahi. kūʻai ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau," wahi a ka hōʻike.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Townsend, ʻo ka pahū ʻana o kēia ʻano kalaima i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai like ʻole a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o 2008/2009, ua hauʻoli ʻo T&T i kekahi o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma ka honua.
"He nui loa," wahi a Townsend, "ke ulu nei ka hana ʻino i waena o ka poʻe ʻilihune, kūlanakauhale, ʻApelika ma mua o kona poʻe kamaʻāina India a Caucasian. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo nā ʻeleʻele kūlanakauhale ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia. "
ʻO ka hōʻike e pili ana a nānā paha, i nā manawa he nui, i nā wahi i ʻike ʻia he wahi wela, e like me Laventille a me Gonzales, a haʻi i nā hana a nā alakaʻi kaiāulu a me nā hale pule e lawe mai i ka maluhia i kēia mau wahi.
Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Townsend: "ʻO ka hui o T&T ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka nui, he paʻakikī loa ia, e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole e kū kūʻē i nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai."
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pilina i ʻōlelo ʻia a ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā alakaʻi kālai'āina a me nā alakaʻi pūʻulu, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Townsend, "Ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia, a i uhi huna ʻia paha, e kūʻē i kēlā mau koi no ka kūpaʻa ʻana nā alakaʻi o nā ʻaoʻao politika e hoʻoulu i ka manaʻo maikaʻi me nā hui."
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Townsend: "ʻO nā mana holomua a me ka retrogressive ma luna nei he manaʻo wale nō i ka mea e hoʻolaha nei e pili ana i nā hui a me nā pū i T&T. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o nā pilikia. I ka huli ʻana, hiki i nā mea pili i ka manaʻo ke hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā kūpono no ka maluhia ʻoiai e hoʻomalu ana i nā mea o ke kūlana violent quo.
“I kēlā me kēia hanana, ʻaʻole e pau nā pilikia o ka lāhui me nā pū. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu a ke aupuni e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokō kānāwai a me ka pale ʻana i ka smuggling e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻano civic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kānalua nei nā kamaʻāina e pili ana i ka hiki i ka mokuʻāina ke hoʻohuli i ka haunaele i hana ʻia e nā pū a me nā hui.
He papahana noiʻi kūʻokoʻa ka Small Arms Survey ma ka Graduate Institute of International and Developmental Studies ma Geneva, Switzerland.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1999 a ua kākoʻo ʻia e ka Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs i ke kākoʻo ʻia ʻana e nā haʻawina mai nā aupuni o Belgium, Kanada, Finland, Kelemānia, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden a me UK.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka papahana, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e lilo i kumu kumu o ka ʻike lehulehu e pili ana i nā ʻano āpau o nā mea kaua liʻiliʻi a me ka hana ʻino, ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai no nā aupuni, nā mea hana kulekele, nā mea noiʻi a me nā mea hoʻoikaika, e nānā i nā hoʻolālā aupuni a me ka honua (ke aupuni. a ʻaʻole) ma nā lima liʻiliʻi.
