Hiki mai ka huawaina

Iloko o keia manawa i kukulu ai lakou i ke kulanakauhale o Gadir (ʻo Cadiz i kēia manawa) ma ke kahakai komohana hema o ka Iberia Peninsula. I ko lākou hele ʻana aku i kēia ʻāina, ua lawe pū mai ko Phoenicians i nā amphorae, nā ipu lepo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana a mālama i nā waiwai like ʻole. waina.

ʻO ka mea i huki ai ka poʻe Poinikia i kēia ʻāpana o ka honua, ʻo ia ke ʻano like ʻole ma waena o ka lepo, ka ea, a me ka palapala honua o ka Iberia Peninsula a me ko lākou ʻāina hānau ma ka Hikina Waena. He ʻike ia i hoʻohiki nui ʻia, no ka mea, ʻike lākou i ka hiki ke mahi i nā hua waina a me ka hana ʻana i ka waina ma ka ʻāina no ka mea ʻo ko lākou hilinaʻi ʻana i nā amphorae no ka lawe ʻana i ka waina he mau hemahema; hiki i kēia mau ipu ke kahe a nahaha i ka wā o ka holo ʻana i ka moana.

No ka lanakila ʻana i nā pilikia logistic o amphorae, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe Phoenicians e kanu i nā kumu waina ma nā ʻāina momona a me ka lā a puni ʻo Gadir, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana waina kūloko ma ia wahi. I ka ulu ʻana o nā māla waina, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohua mai i nā hua waina ʻono a paʻakikī i makemake nui ʻia no ka hana waina i kēlā au. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua ulu a ulu aʻe ka mahiʻai waina o kēia ʻāina, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana i ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka ʻāina waina ʻo Sherry. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o nā hua waina i ulu ʻia ma Gadir, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻenehana hana waina i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā kenekulia i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻono a me nā ʻano ʻano e pili ana i nā waina Sherry.

Hoʻouna hou ʻia nā Vines

Ma muli o nā kapuaʻi o ka poʻe Phoenicians, ua hōʻea nā Carthaginians i ka Iberia Peninsula me Cartagena ke kūlanakauhale kaulana a lākou i hoʻokumu ai. ʻO ko lākou hele ʻana i hoʻonui i ka mahi ʻana i nā hua waina a me ka hana waina ma ia wahi. Ma kahi o 1000 BC, ua hoʻonui ka poʻe Roma i ko lākou aupuni e hoʻopuni i kahi hapa nui o Sepania a kanu lākou i nā kumu waina no ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou mau koa a me ko lākou mau wahi noho. Ua hoʻoheheʻe lākou i nā pā pōhaku e hoʻomoʻa i ka waina a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā amphorae. ʻO kēia hoʻonui i lawe pū me ia i ke kanu ākea ʻana i nā kumu waina a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hana viticultural holomua a me ka hana waina i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā panalāʻau ʻelua, ʻo Baetica (e like me Andalusia o kēia manawa) a me Tarraconensis (ʻo Tarragona i kēia manawa).

Hoʻoponopono ka poʻe Muslim i ka hua waina

Ua hoʻokumu ka Moors, ka poʻe Muslim o ʻApelika ʻĀkau, i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka Iberian Peninsula (ʻo Sepania a me Pokukala i kēia manawa) ma hope o ka hoʻopio ʻana o ka Islam i 711 AD. He koʻikoʻi ko ka moʻomeheu Islam a me ke kānāwai i ka ʻāina i kēia manawa, me ka ʻai a me ka inu ʻana; akā naʻe, ua ʻokoʻa ko lākou hele ʻana i ka waina a me ka waiʻona. ʻO nā kānāwai meaʻai Islam, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Quran, pāpā pinepine i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea inu ʻona, me ka waina. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pāpā ʻana ma luna o nā manaʻoʻiʻo a me nā loina hoʻomana, ka hopena i nā kaohi i ka hana ʻana, kūʻai aku a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea inu ʻona, me ka waina.

ʻOiai ua pāpā ʻia ka Quran i ka ʻai ʻana i ka waina a me nā mea ʻona, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pāpā i waena o nā kaiāulu Muslim. I ka wā o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka poʻe Moors ma ka Iberian Peninsula, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hana waina. ʻO ka nui a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka pāpā ʻana i ka waina a me ka waiʻona ʻokoʻa, e pili ana i nā aliʻi kūloko, ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kānāwai Islam, a me ke ʻano o ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī.

Nā Manaʻo o Franco i ka waina

Mai 1936-1939 (ke Kaua Kivila Sepania) a me nā makahiki ma hope o ke aupuni o General Francisco Franco, ua hoʻoponopono nui ʻia ka hana waina a ua hoʻomalu pinepine ʻia ka hana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana e ka mokuʻāina. Ua hoʻomalu ke aupuni i ka ʻoihana i mea e lawelawe ai i ka pono o ke aupuni ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lula a me nā mana me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Spanish Wine Institute (Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen/INDO) i ka makahiki 1934. ʻO ka misionari ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka waina a pale i ka ʻāina. nā inoa kumu (Denomininacion de Origen) e mau nei i kēia lā. Pono nā mea hana waina e hahai i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka waina i kū ʻole i kēia mau lula.

ʻO ka Phylloxera Epidemic

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua kū ʻo Sepania, e like me nā wahi hana waina ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua, i kahi pōʻino ʻino ma ka māla waina i kapa ʻia ʻo phylloxera. I mea e pale aku ai i keia pepeke, ka mea i hooweliweli aku i ke ola ana o na kumuwaina, ua huli kekahi mau wahi i ka uhuki ana i na pawaina a me ka hoopau manawa ana i ka hana waina. ʻAʻole kēia he mea pili i ke kānāwai akā he pane i kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe i hoʻopilikia i ka ʻoihana waina.

ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1970

Mai ka makahiki 1970 ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ʻo Sepania a ua hoʻololi ʻia mai ka ʻike mua ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā waina nui a haʻahaʻa loa i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina alakaʻi nui o ka honua i ka hana waina a me nā ʻāina i kākoʻo ʻia e nā hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana waina hou a me ka lawe ʻana i nā hua waina maikaʻi aʻe. nā hana ulu.

Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana Denominacion de Origen (DO) i ka makahiki 1930 a ua loaʻa i ke koʻikoʻi e like me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā wahi waina kūikawā me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa, nā ʻano hua waina, a me nā kūlana hana - nā mea nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā waina mai Sepania. ʻO ka ʻenehana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka fermentation i mālama ʻia i ka mahana a me nā mea hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻOiai e hoʻāʻo ana nā mea hana waina me nā ʻano hua waina o ka honua e like me Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, a me Chardonnay, ua ala hou ʻia nā ʻano hua waina maoli e like me Tempranillo, Garnacha a me Alberino.

Ka Hoʻonaʻauao Iʻa

He mea komo nui ʻo Sepania i ka mākeke waina honua a he ikaika kona noho ʻana ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Asia. Ke kaena nei ʻo Sepania i ka nui o nā māla waina me ka hoʻonui kupaianaha i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala aku nei kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ai ma mua o 950,000 mau ʻeka no ka mahi waina. Ua loaʻa kēia kūleʻa i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻē aʻe me ka ʻāpana e loaʻa ana he 816.18 miliona Euro mai nā kumu honua i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. Ke kū nei ʻo Hong Kong ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopukapuka mua, e hāʻawi ana i ka 92 pakeneka o nā hoʻopukapuka kālā ma ka ʻāpana ma 2019.

Paʻa ʻo Sepania i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kolu o ka mea hana waina nui loa ma ka honua me ka nui o ka noho ʻana ma 60 mau ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa a me nā Denominations of Origin (DO). ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo Rioja a me Priorat ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻāina Sepania i kūpono iā DOCa, e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi i loko o kahi DO.

I ka makahiki 2020, ua hiki aku ka hana waina o Sepania i ka 43.8 miliona hectoliters (International Organization of Vine and Wine/OIV). ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻopuka waina Spanish ma kahi o 2.68 biliona Euros (Spanish Wine Market Observatory).

I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka mākeke waina Sepania me ka helu ʻana o $ 10.7 biliona a ke kuhi nei ka ulu ʻana ma kahi Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) ma mua o 7 pakeneka. Ma waena o nā ʻano waina like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waina ʻoiai ua mākaukau ka waina ʻālohilohi e kākau inoa i ka ulu wikiwiki loa ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai. ʻO ke ala hoʻolaha ma ke kālepa e paʻa i ka hapa nui loa a ʻo ka ʻeke aniani ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Ua puka mai ʻo Madrid ma ke ʻano he mākeke waina nui loa ma ka ʻāina.

Nā hua waina

ʻO Rioja

Aia ka Rioja Designation of Origin (DO) he 54,000 ʻeka o nā māla waina ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Sepania, e pili ana iā La Rioja, ka ʻāina Basque, a me Navarre. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi hana waina nui loa o Sepania. Aia ma ka puʻu o ka ʻāina ka hua waina Tempranillo i mālama pono ʻia a ʻelemakule i loko o nā pahu ʻoka e hana ana i kekahi o nā waina maikaʻi loa a kaulana i ka honua ma ʻEulopa a pau.

ʻO Priorat

Aia ka ʻāina waina ʻo Priorat ma Catalonia, kahi kikowaena no nā hua waina haʻahaʻa kahi e pili ai nā māla waina i nā puʻu pali pōhaku, hoʻonoho ʻia 100-700 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. I kēia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, paio nā kumu waina e ulu, e hoʻohua ana i nā hua waina me ka ikaika a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO nā waina i hanaʻia he mauʻulaʻula piha piha e hāʻawi i ka hohonu a me keʻano.

Hoololi Hooponopono

Ua hoʻokomo ka ʻoihana waina ʻo Sepania i nā papa inoa a me nā hoʻoponopono hou e hoʻololi ai i nā ʻano hoʻololi a hoʻokipa i nā ʻano waina ʻoi aku ka nui. Hāʻawi ʻo Vino de la Terra a me Vine de Mesa i ka maʻalahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā waina e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻāina a me ka maikaʻi aʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o Vinicola de Espana e ʻae i ka ʻike ʻana i nā waina kiʻekiʻe i kūpono ʻole i loko o nā ʻōnaehana DO kuʻuna, a laila e hāpai i ka maikaʻi i ka hana waina Spanish. .

I koʻu manaʻo

Ua hōʻike ʻo Evan Goldstein i nā waina ma ka hanana Foods and Wines mai Sepania ma New York City:

Mazas Garnacha Tinta 2020.

ʻO ka waina i hana ʻia mai Tinto de Toro, kahi clone Spanish kū hoʻokahi o Tempranillo, i hoʻokō ʻia e 10 pakeneka Garnacha; hanohano me ka hanohano Decanter World Wine Award, Best in Show (2022).

Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻo Bodegas Mazas i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā waina hou a maikaʻi. Hoʻokō lākou i kā lākou pahuhopu ma o ka hoʻohana akamai ʻana i ka ʻenehana hou i kā lākou hale waina ma Morales de Toro. ʻO nā huawaina a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i kā lākou hana ʻana i ka waina mai kā lākou mau māla waina i ka Toro Designation of Origin (DO). Hāʻawi ka ʻāina i ʻehā mau māla waina ʻokoʻa i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ka ʻāina Toro o Castilla y Leon. ʻElua o kēia mau māla waina ma mua o 80 mau makahiki a ʻo nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe ma mua o 50 mau makahiki. ʻO ka huina, hoʻopuni nā māla waina i 140 ʻeka; akā naʻe, koho ʻo Bodegas Mazas i nā hua waina mai kahi helu palena o nā ʻāpana waina kahiko maikaʻi loa e hana i kā lākou waina.

Hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana climatic o ka ʻāina e ka ua haʻahaʻa a me nā pilikia mau e hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ʻāina momona ʻole a me nā loli wela loa. Hoʻopuka kēia mau kūlana i nā waina me ke kala ikaika a me nā ʻono hua.

Notes:

Hōʻike ʻo Mazas Garna Tinta 2020 i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani, me kona hohonu, burgundy ʻulaʻula e neʻe mālie ana i kahi rim ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka bouquet he medley ikaika o nā cherries pala, hoʻohui ʻia e kahi symphony o nā ʻono, me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pua, nā plum ʻeleʻele ʻoluʻolu, nā strawberries pala, a me nā nuances ʻala maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā leo lepo. Hāʻawi ka waina i kahi ʻano nani a me ka velvety e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopau ʻana i hoʻonani ʻia me kahi ʻano lepo ʻoluʻolu.

2. Coral de Penascal Ethical Rose.

100 pakeneka Tempranillo. Castilla a me Leon, Sepania. Vegan, Organic i hōʻoia ʻia. Hoʻomau. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻōmole i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻāʻa koʻa e hōʻike ana i ka 25 pākēneka o nā mea olaola.

He bodega hanohano ʻo Hijos de Antonio Barcelo me kahi hoʻoilina i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1876. ʻO ka hoʻoilina waiwai i hui pū ʻia me nā hana hou i loaʻa i kahi waina ʻaʻohe manawa a me nā mea hou. ʻO ka winery he kalapona kūʻokoʻa, e hōʻemi ana i kona kapuaʻi kalapona a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Hoʻopili ʻia ka waina i nā mea maʻalahi i ka honua a ʻo ka ʻōmole ultralight e hōʻemi i ka wāwae kaiaola.

Notes:

ʻO Coral de Penascal Ethical Rose kahi waina e hoʻopio i ka noʻonoʻo. Hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano aniani akaka i kahi hue koʻa maʻemaʻe e like me ka hoʻowalewale. ʻO ka bouquet kahi symphony o nā mea ʻala, kahi e lawe ai nā currants ʻulaʻula a me nā raspberry i ke kahua waena, i hui pū ʻia me nā memo momona o nā hua pōhaku, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā peaches pala. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻala hua-i mua e kahi ʻano maʻalahi o nā pua keʻokeʻo.

I ka ʻai ʻana i kēia rose nani, ua mālama ʻia ka palale i kahi hui o nā mea ʻono e like me ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki. Hulahula ka ʻono o nā apricots a me nā peaches ma ka ʻono, e hana ana i kahi hui leʻaleʻa o nā ʻano hua. Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe ua ʻike ʻoe i nā mea āpau, e puka mai ana kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi o ka hua waina ʻulaʻula, e hoʻohui ana i kahi ʻano hōʻoluʻolu a zesty i kēia waina ethereal.

3. Verdeal. 20 de abril organic Verdejo 2022

I ka makahiki 2007, ua apo ʻo Eduardo Poza i ka hua waina Verdejo, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi huakaʻi i hānau ai ʻo VERDEAL, kahi hōʻailona hou e ʻike nei i kona ʻano ma ka ʻāina DO Rueda a hōʻike i kona ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me DNA.

Hōʻike ka hua waina ʻo Verdejo i kahi waina keʻokeʻo ikaika a hoʻoikaika ʻia, i ʻike ʻia e nā memo o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka citrus zesty, i hoʻokō ʻia e nā nuances o ka peach, apricot, a me nā pua nani, e hoʻopau ana i ka balsamic hoʻopau e lawe ana i nā hints o ka fennel a me ka aniseed.

ʻO nā māla waina e hāʻawi ana i nā hua waina no kēia waina ʻokoʻa he 13 mau makahiki a ua mahi ʻia ma ke kino. Me nā hua hana mai 6,000 a 8,000 kg no ka ʻeka, loaʻa kēia waina i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana hua waina, e hopena i kahi ʻike waina maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa.

Notes:

Hāʻawi kēia waina maikaʻi i kahi hue melemele māmā me ka ikaika liʻiliʻi a hoʻokipa i ka manaʻo i kahi hoʻolauleʻa o Verdejo. Ma ka inhale mua, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pua nani e hoʻopili ai i ke ʻano o nā hua ʻala a me ka lime zesty, e hoʻoulu ana i ka waina me ka ʻala hou. Ke ʻimi nei i ka hohonu, puka mai nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā mea kanu a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻohui ana i kahi papa paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻono. Mālama ka waina i kahi kaulike e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻopau hou a hoʻomau me nā hōʻailona o nā mea kanu, e waiho ana i kahi ʻono maikaʻi ma ka palate.