Robert Mugabe, ua make ka pelekikena mua o Zimbabwe. He kanaiwakumamālima ona a maʻi no kekahi manawa a make i ka haukapila ma Singapore. ʻO ia kekahi o nā poʻo kontroversial o ke aupuni, Pelekikena o Zimbabwe mai 1987 a 2017.
Peresidena Mugabe ma ka UNWTO Hui Nui 2013 (Photo Christian del Rosario no eTN)
ʻO ka United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Ua wehe ʻia ʻo General Assembly e ia i ka makahiki 2013.
Ma lalo iho kahi palapala o kāna kamaʻilio i kahi helu moho o nā ʻelele mai nā ʻāina he 124 i hele i ka wehe ʻana o ka pō Sābati ma ka Hōkele Victoria Hotel ma Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
"ʻO ka Mea Hanohano Mr. Chilufya Sata, Pelekikena o ka Repubalika o Zambia, ke Kākauʻōlelo Nui o ka United Nations World Tourism Organization, ʻo Kauka Taleb Rifai, nā lālā o ke kaiāulu diplomas, ko mākou kuhina hoʻokipa hoʻokipa ma aneʻi a me nā kuhina ʻē aʻe (ʻO Kauka Walter Mzembi) mai nā Repubalika o Zimbabwe a me Zambia, nā ʻelele a me kā mākou mau malihini hanohano mai ka UNWTO ʻohana, ko mākou mau alakaʻi kuʻuna, ʻo ke Aliʻi Mvuto a me ke Aliʻi Mukuni, ka mea i kaʻana like i ka wailele ʻo Victoria, nā kāpena o ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi, nā lede a me nā keonimana, nā hoa a me nā hoaaloha, ʻo koʻu hauʻoli, he hanohano maoli no koʻu ʻāina, ʻo Zimbabwe, e hoʻokipa i ka UNWTO ʻohana i kēia pō a i nā lā ʻelima e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana o kēia ʻAha Hui Pūʻali Hui Pū ʻIa o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa i mea nui no mākou i ka mōʻaukala waiwai o kā mākou mau ʻāina ʻelua, ʻo Zambia a me Zimbabwe a me ka ʻĀina Hoʻolālā Kaiāulu o ʻApelika Hema. Manaʻo mākou e waiho i kahi kaha pau ʻole i kā mākou mau hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo ia kekahi ʻāpana o kā mākou moʻokūʻauhau, e kahakaha ana i kahi huli nui i ka pōmaikaʻi huakaʻi o kā mākou mau ʻāina ʻelua, kā mākou mau wahi a ʻo kā mākou ʻāina nui.
E Mr. Kakauolelo General, ʻo kāu hoʻoholo e mālama i kēia hanana nui a puni ka honua ma kēia wahi e hōʻeuʻeu ai iā mākou i kā mākou hana hoʻomau a hoʻomau ʻana, mai ka wā i lilo ai ka mokuʻāina ʻo Zimbabwe, e mālama i nā pilina aloha me nā kaiāulu āpau, ʻoiai me kēlā mau ʻāina. ʻaʻole mākou e ʻaelike ma nā mea āpau.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o kēia wahi mai nā moho hoʻokūkū he nui e hoʻokūpaʻa i kā mākou hoʻoholo ʻana e leverage i ka mākaʻikaʻi no ka pono waiwai a me ka holomua o kā mākou poʻe ma Zambia, Zimbabwe a me ʻApelika holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokipa ʻia mākou e ke kākoʻo o kā mākou mau ʻāina ʻelua ma ke ʻano he mau hoʻokipa kūpono no ia hālāwai, a me ka ʻike ʻia o kēia wahi i kahi palekana a palekana hoʻi no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi honua.
Ma hope o ke kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 1980, ua ʻike ʻo Zimbabwe, a i ka makahiki 1981, i ka pono o ka UNWTO ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala pilikanaka a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, me ka manaʻo nui i ka ulu ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia ma kahi o ʻekolu o nā Millennium Development Goals.
Ua noho mākou he lālā ikaika o ka hui a hiki i ka makahiki 1999. ʻO ka mea pōʻino i ka manawa 2000 a i 2008, ua kū mākou i nā pilikia nui i hana ʻia, ma ka hapa nui, e nā hoʻopaʻi hoʻonāwaliwali i kau ʻia ma luna o mākou e kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke komohana. Ua kaumaha kēia mau hoʻopaʻi ma luna o nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ka IMF/World Bank's ill-conceived Economic Structural Adjustment Program (ESAP) i, ma waena o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopau i ko mākou komo ʻana i nā kino e like me ka UNWTO.
ʻO ka hauʻoli i ka 2009, me ka maʻalahi o SADC a me ka AU, ua hoʻokumu mākou i aupuni o ka lokahi aupuni, ka GNU, i alakaʻi i ka palupalu o nā kūʻē kūʻē iā mākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o kā mākou mea kālai'āina a me nā hoʻokele waiwai.
Ua hauʻoli loa wau i ka hana hou ʻana o ka Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry i hoʻāla hou i ko mākou lālā o ka UNWTO a me kou kākoʻo ikaika, Kakauolelo Nui Rifai, e hoʻomaka e lilo i lālā ikaika loa o ka hui, e loaʻa kahi noho ma ka ʻAha Hoʻokō o ka hui i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
Mai ia manawa ʻaʻole mākou i nānā i hope a, ma hope o kā mākou kūleʻa ʻelua lāhui kūleʻa me Zambia e hoʻokipa pū i kēia kau, ʻike mākou iā mākou iho i neʻi i kēia pō. Ua kau inoa ʻo Pelekikena Sata mai ka wā mai i ka Golden Book o ka hoʻokipa, ua lilo kēia i ʻelele no ka mākaʻikaʻi honua - mai noʻonoʻo i ka huhū o kekahi o kā mākou mea hōʻemi no kēia mea.
E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoukou āpau, ʻo ke kau inoa ʻana i ka puke gula o ka hoʻokipa ʻaʻole ia he mea no mākou wale nō, no ka mea ma o kēlā hana ua ʻike mākou i ke kuleana politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai nui e hiki ai i ka mākaʻikaʻi ke hoʻokani ma kā mākou ʻāina ʻelua a ma kā mākou ʻāina nui. . Kūleʻa mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi nui o kā mākou ulu waiwai.
E ʻae au i kēia manawa kūpono e hou hou ai i kā Zimbabwe kūpaʻa i nā waiwai hoʻokumu a me nā loina o Nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoiai ko mākou pilikia i nā hana hegemonic o kekahi o ka mana hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pūʻali koa o ka honua i hoʻomalu i ka ʻoihana.
Ua hauʻoli loa mākou he kino koʻikoʻi ka United Nations no nā kānaka āpau. Hauʻoli nui mākou i kāna ʻoihana kūikawā e like me UNICEF a me ka UNWTO loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka pono o ke kanaka.
ʻO Kauka Rifai, e nā lede a me nā keonimana, ke koʻikoʻi nei kā ʻoukou ʻoihana i ka mākaʻikaʻi kūkaʻi me ke koʻikoʻi Zimbabwe mau wahi i nā kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana me ka kaulike a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka lehulehu.
Ma muli o kēlā kumu, ʻo wau, me ka ʻole o kahi hoʻopālua, ke kākoʻo piha i ka ʻaha ʻo Zambia-Zimbabwe e hoʻokipa i kēia General Assembly. Nui koʻu hauʻoli i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka hui e mālama i ka General Assembly ma aneʻi. Hōʻike kēlā kuhi i nā ʻoihana e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ʻApelika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo nō, e like me ka mea e pono ai. ʻO ke kūlana i kēia manawa kahi ʻehā pakeneka wale nō o ka loaʻa kālā o ka mākaʻikaʻi honua, ʻoiai ʻo kāna waiwai kūlohelohe a moʻomeheu moʻomeheu kekahi mea e hopohopo nui nei iā mākou.
ʻOi loa kēia ke ʻike ʻia i ka mālamalama a ke Kākauʻōlelo General, ua hoʻokūlou i kekahi mau manaʻo i kāu Pepa Keʻokeʻo o ka makahiki 2010. I loko o kēlā pepa, ua kahakaha ʻoe i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻāpana mākaʻikaʻi i nā wā paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka pōpilikia hoʻokele waiwai, a hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ilihune e kona ʻano kūlohelohe i nā papahana kaiāulu i hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia e nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio. He mea nui kēia iā mākou.
Ma kēia mea, pono wau e hoʻopau ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ko mākou mahalo no ke kōkua ʻana i ka UNWTO ua hoʻonui ʻia mai iā mākou ma ke ʻano he ʻāina. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kākoʻo ʻenehana i SADC, ma o RETOSA, kahi i loaʻa ai i kēia hope ke kōkua no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi Pūnaehana Hoʻokaʻaʻike Satellite Tourism (TSAS). Na ka TSAS e kōkua iā mākou e hōʻoia piha i ka hāʻawi piha ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi i kā mākou GDP kūloko a kūloko.
Hoʻomaopopo pū wau me ka hauʻoli nui i ka UNWTO Ua ʻae ʻo ia i nā hana e pili ana i ke kaiāulu no Zimbabwe, a e holo kā lākou papahana Sustainable Tourism for the reduction of poverty (STEP) ma lalo o ke kumumanaʻo "E hoʻonui i ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpio a me nā wahine i ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi."
He mea hana mana pono kēia e paipai ai i ke kaulike a me ke komo ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā mākaʻikaʻi. Hoʻonani pū kekahi ia me ka poʻe e hoʻoikaika ana i nā hana i alualu ʻia e koʻu aupuni.
ʻO nā manaʻo kumumanaʻo āu e manaʻo ai e alualu i kēia ʻaha kūkā e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e nā huaʻōlelo hopu 'Wehe i nā palena a me nā lewa ākea, e lawe ana i nā pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi ma ʻApelika. kūpono loa i ko mākou manawa.
ʻAʻohe ala e hiki ai iā ʻApelika ke hoʻonui i kāna ʻāpana o ka keke mākaʻikaʻi honua āpau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana i ka huakaʻi nui o ʻAmelika ʻO ka pilina o nā kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻApelika, nā wahi a me nā mea hoihoi e ulu maikaʻi ana no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana o ʻApelika, ʻoiai e lawelawe ana, i ka hopena, e hoʻohui i ka huahana mākaʻikaʻi ʻApelika a me kāna kālepa ʻana a me kāna hoʻolaha ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea huakaʻi hele lōʻihi ma mua o ka hihia. kēia manawa.
ʻO ka pono no nā palena ākea, ma o nā aupuni visa āpana āpana, kahi a mākou e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokō ma UNIVISA ma o RETOSA, ʻaʻole e ʻae wale i ka huakaʻi maʻalahi ma waena o nā kamaʻāina SADC, e maʻalahi ia no ka malihini kipa waena lōʻihi a me ka mea hoʻopukapuka.
He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hana ana ʻo ʻApelika i nā kumumanaʻo e hoʻohiki pono ai i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka pae ʻāina. Manaʻo kēia i ka mea nui aʻe i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ʻEulopa e mālama i nā kālā mākaʻikaʻi ma loko o nā Zona Euro, ma o ka hoʻokau ʻana i nā ʻauhau haʻalele haʻalele i nā kahua mokulele no kāna poʻe huakaʻi intercontinental.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka palena palena ʻole ma waena o ke kauhale ʻo Livingstone a me ke kaona ʻo Victoria Falls i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ke kumu o kēia ʻaha kūkā e lilo i kānāwai ma mua o ka ʻokoʻa, no nā kaiāulu palena ʻāina mākaʻikaʻi e pili ana ma SADC, a ma ʻApelika hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻApelika ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka hana maʻamau ʻana e like me ka mākeke maʻamau hoʻokahi. ”
ʻO Comrade Pelekikena Sata, koʻu manaʻolana nui e lilo ka moemoeā a me ka hihiʻo o nā mea hoʻokumu o ʻApelika kūʻokoʻa, o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ʻApelika e lilo i mea maoli i kekahi lā ma mua o ka hope.
ʻO nā hanana e like me kēia, Kakauolelo Nui, āu i kūkulu ai a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he 'General Assembly ʻApelika kū hoʻokahi,' he mea liʻiliʻi paha ia, akā koʻikoʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi hui waiwai-politika i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻApelika.
E nā mea hanohano, nā malihini hanohano, nā lede a me nā haku ʻoluʻolu, hoʻokipa aku nei iā ʻoukou i ka Wailele ʻo Victoria a makemake iā ʻoukou i ka mea maikaʻi loa i kā ʻoukou kūkākūkā ʻana a me ka hoʻonā ʻana. E ʻoluʻolu e hauʻoli i ko mākou hoʻokipa maoli ʻApelika. Maʻaneʻi ʻoe e ala ai i kēlā kakahiaka kēia kakahiaka i ke kani ʻana o kā mākou manu a me ka aura o ka lā ʻApelika, a i ka hopena o kēlā me kēia lā e hiamoe ma lalo o ka lani piha ʻApelika piha.
Me keia mau olelo, ke hai aku nei au i ka 20th Session of the UNWTO Ua wehe ʻia ka General Assembly.
ʻO wai ʻo Robert Mugabe?
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Robert Mugabe ma Pepeluali 21, 1924, ma Kutama, Rhodesia Hema (ʻo Zimbabwe i kēia manawa). I ka makahiki 1963, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia iā ZANU, kahi neʻe kūʻē i ke aupuni kolone o Beritania. Ua lilo ʻo Mugabe i kuhina nui o ka Repubalika hou o Zimbabwe ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke aupuni Pelekane i 1980, a ua lilo ʻo ia i kūlana no ka pelekikena ʻehiku mau makahiki ma hope. Ua paʻa ikaika ʻo Mugabe i ka mana, ma o nā koho balota kontroversial, a hiki i kona wā i koi ʻia ai e haʻalele i Nowemapa 2017, i ka makahiki 93.
ʻO nā makahiki ʻōpio a me ka hoʻonaʻauao
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Robert Gabriel Mugabe ma Pepeluali 21, 1924, ma Kutama, Rhodesia Hema (ʻo Zimbabwe i kēia manawa), he mau mahina wale nō ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o Rhodesia Hema i kolone aliʻi Pelekane. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokaumaha ʻia ka poʻe o kona kauhale e nā kānāwai hou a kū i nā palena i ko lākou aʻo ʻana a me nā manawa hana.
He kamana ka makuakāne o Mugabe. Ua hele ʻo ia e hana ma kahi nuʻukia Jesuit ma ʻApelika Hema i ka wā kamaliʻi ʻo Mugabe, ʻaʻohe mea pohihihi i hoʻi mai i ka home. ʻO ko Mugabe makuahine, he kumu, ua waiho ʻia e hānai iā Mugabe a me kāna mau hoahānau ʻekolu ma ona iho. I ke kamaliʻi, ua kōkua ʻo Mugabe ma ka mālama ʻana i nā bipi a ka ʻohana a me ka loaʻa kālā ʻana ma o nā hana ʻano ʻole
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā poʻe ma Rhodesia Hema i hele wale a hiki i ke kula grammar, ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo Mugabe i loaʻa ka ʻike maikaʻi. Ua hele ʻo ia i ke kula ma ka nuʻukia Jesuit misiona ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a ka luna kula ʻo Father O'Hea. He mana nui i ke keiki, ua aʻo ʻo O'Hea iā Mugabe e mālama like ʻia nā kānaka āpau a aʻo ʻia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o kā lākou hiki. ʻO nā kumu a Mugabe, ka poʻe i kapa iā ia he "keiki akamai," ua ʻike koke lākou i kona mau hiki me he mea lā.
ʻO nā waiwai a O'Hea i hāʻawi aku ai i kāna mau haumana i kani pū me Mugabe, e hoʻoholomua ana iā lākou e ka lilo ʻana i kumu nona iho. I loko o ʻeiwa mau makahiki, ua aʻo ʻokoʻa ʻo ia i ke aʻo ʻana ma kekahi mau kula mikionali ma Rhodesia Hema. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Mugabe i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke Kulanui o Fort Hare ma ʻApelika Hema, ua puka ʻo ia me ke kēkelē laepua no ka mōʻaukala a me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania i ka makahiki 1951. A laila hoʻi ʻo Mugabe i kona kauhale e aʻo ma laila. Na 1953, ua loaʻa iā ia kāna kekelē laepua no ka palapala ma nā papa palapala.
Ma 1955, ua neʻe ʻo Mugabe i Rhodesia ʻĀkau. Ma laila ʻo ia i aʻo ai no ʻehā mau makahiki ma ke Kulanui Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Chalimbana ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana nei i kāna kekelē laepua no ka ʻepekema ma o nā papa leka me ke Kulanui o Ladana. Ma hope o kona neʻe ʻana i Ghana, ua hoʻopau ʻo Mugabe i kāna kekelē hoʻokele waiwai ma 1958. Ua aʻo pū ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Kumu o Mary, kahi i hui ai me kāna wahine mua, ʻo Sarah Heyfron, ka mea e male ai ʻo ia ma 1961. Ma Ghana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mugabe ʻo ia ʻo Marxist, Ke kākoʻo nei i ka pahuhopu a ke aupuni Ghana no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā manawa kūpono i ka papa haʻahaʻa i koho mua ʻia.
ʻOihana Political mua
I ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻi ʻo Robert Mugabe i kona home hānau me ka hoʻomaha, e hoʻolālā ana e hoʻolauna i kāna wahine i kāna makuahine. Me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻia, i kona hōʻea ʻana, ua hālāwai ʻo Mugabe i kahi Rhodesia Hema i hoʻololi loa. He ʻumi tausani ʻohana ʻeleʻele i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ke aupuni kolone hou, a ua pahū ka heluna keʻokeʻo. Ua hōʻole ke aupuni i ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka hapa nui ʻeleʻele, a laila ua loaʻa nā kūʻē kūʻē. Ua huhū ʻo Mugabe i kēia hōʻole ʻana i nā kuleana o nā ʻeleʻele. I Iulai Iulai 1960, ua ʻae ʻo ia e kamaʻilio i ka lehulehu ma ke kūʻē ʻo Malaki o 7,000, i mālama ʻia ma Salisbury's Harare Town Hall. ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana no nā lālā o ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē e kūʻē i ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ko lākou mau alakaʻi. Ke hoʻokau nei iā ia iho i mua o nā hoʻoweliweli mākaʻi, ua haʻi ʻo Mugabe i ka poʻe kūʻē e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō kūleʻa ʻana o Ghana ma o Marxism.
He mau pule wale nō i hala, ua koho ʻia ʻo Mugabe i kākau ʻōlelo no ka National Democratic Party. I kulike ai me nā hiʻohiʻona Kāniana, ua hōʻuluʻulu koke ʻo Mugabe i kahi liona ʻōpio militant e hoʻolaha i ka ʻōlelo no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele ma Rhodesia. Ua pāpā ke aupuni i ka pāʻina ma ka hopena o 1961, akā ua hui pū nā mea kākoʻo i koe e hana i kahi neʻe ʻo ia ka mua o kāna ʻano ma Rhodesia. Ua ulu koke ka Zimbabwe ʻApelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ZAPU) i kahi lālā 450,000 kupaianaha.
Ua kono ʻia ke alakaʻi o ka hui, ʻo Joshua Nkomo, e hui me nā United Nations, nāna i koi aku iā Pelekane e kāpae i kā lākou kumukānāwai a heluhelu hou i ke kumuhana o ka hapa nui o ka noho aliʻi. Akā, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a ʻaʻohe mea i loli, huhū ʻo Mugabe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i koi ʻo Nkomo i kahi lā maopopo no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kumukānāwai. Nui loa kona ukiuki, a ma ʻApelila o 1961, ua kūkākūkā nui ʻo Mugabe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi kaua guerilla - a hiki i ka wā e haʻi kūʻē ai i kahi mākaʻi, "Ke lawe nei mākou i kēia ʻāina a ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomanawanui i kēia ʻōlelo lapuwale."
Ke hoʻokumu ʻana o ZANU
Ma 1963, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Mugabe a me nā mea kākoʻo ʻē aʻe o Nkomo i kā lākou neʻe kūʻē, i kapa ʻia ʻo Zimbabwe ʻApelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ZANU), ma Tanzania. Ma hope i Rhodesia Hema ma hope o kēlā makahiki, hopu ka mākaʻi iā Mugabe a hoʻouna iā ia i ka Halepaʻahao Hwahwa. E noho ʻo Mugabe i ka hale paʻahao no nā makahiki he 1964 a ʻoi aku, ua neʻe ʻia mai ka Halepaʻahao ʻo Hwahwa a i Sikombela Detention Center a ma hope a i ka Halepaʻahao ʻo Salisbury. I ka XNUMX, ʻoiai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ua hilinaʻi ʻo Mugabe i nā kamaʻilio malū e hoʻomaka i nā hana guerrilla i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā Rhodesia Hema mai ke aupuni Pelekane.
I ka 1974, ke Kuhina Nui Ian Smith, ka mea i koi e hoʻokō ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hapa nui o ke aupuni akā ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona kūpaʻa i ke aupuni kolone o Pelekane, ua ʻae ʻo Mugabe e haʻalele i ka hale paʻahao a hele i kahi ʻaha kūkā ma Lusaka, Zambia (Rhodesia ʻĀkau ma mua). Pakele ʻo Mugabe ma hope o ka palena i Rhodesia Hema, e hoʻākoakoa ana i kahi pūʻali koa Rhodesian guerrilla trainees ma ke ala. Ua holo nā kaua i loko o nā 1970s. Ma ka hopena o kēlā mau makahiki he ʻumi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā Zimbabwe hoʻokele waiwai ma mua o ka wā ma mua. I ka makahiki 1979, ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo makehewa ʻana o Smith e hana i kahi ʻaelike me Mugabe, ua ʻae ka poʻe Pelekania e kiaʻi i ka loli i ke aupuni ʻeleʻele hapa nui a hoʻoneʻe ka UN i nā kapu.
E 1980, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Rhodesia Hema mai ka noho aliʻi Pelekane a lilo i Repubalika kūʻokoʻa o Zimbabwe. Ke holo nei ma lalo o ka hae ʻaoʻao ZANU, ua koho ʻia ʻo Mugabe i kuhina nui no ka repubalika hou, ma hope o ka holo kūʻē ʻana iā Nkomo. I ka makahiki 1981, ua hoʻoili ʻia kahi kaua ma waena o ZANU a me ZAPU ma muli o kā lākou papa kuhikuhi like ʻole. I ka makahiki 1985, ua koho hou ʻia ʻo Mugabe e like me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hakakā. I ka makahiki 1987, i ka manawa i luku ʻia ai kahi hui o nā mikionali e nā kākoʻo Mugabe, ua ʻae ʻo Mugabe lāua ʻo Nkomo e hoʻohui i kā lāua mau ʻuniona i ka ZANU-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) a e kia i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka lāhui.
Kāpena
I loko o hoʻokahi pule wale nō o ka ʻaelike kuʻikahi, ua koho ʻia ʻo Mugabe i pelekikena o Zimbabwe. Ua koho ʻo ia iā Nkomo i kekahi o kāna kuhina nui. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui mua a Mugabe ka hana hou a hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻokele waiwai hemahema o ka ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻolālā ʻelima mau makahiki, ka mea i hōʻemi i nā palena o ke kumukūʻai no nā mahiʻai, e ʻae ana iā lākou e koho i kā lākou kumukūʻai ponoʻī. Ma o 1994, i ka pau ʻana o ka manawa he ʻelima mau makahiki, ua ʻike ka hoʻokele waiwai i kekahi ulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, hoʻouku a me nā ʻoihana hana. Hoʻokele hou ʻia ʻo Mugabe e kūkulu i nā keʻena lapaʻau a me nā kula no ka heluna ʻeleʻele. I loko nō hoʻi o kēlā manawa, hala ka wahine a Mugabe, ʻo Sarah, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia e mare i kāna haku wahine, ʻo Grace Marufu.
Ma ka 1996, ua hoʻomaka nā hoʻoholo a Mugabe e hana i ka haunaele ma waena o nā kamaʻāina o Zimbabwe, ka mea i aloha iā ia i ke ʻano he hero no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina i ke kūʻokoʻa. Nui ka poʻe i huhū i kāna koho e kākoʻo i ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻāina o nā kānaka keʻokeʻo me ka uku ʻole ʻia o nā mea nona, ʻo ia ʻo Mugabe i koi ai ʻo ia wale nō ke ala e hoʻonui ai i ka pāʻani hoʻokele waiwai no ka hapa nui ʻeleʻele i makemake ʻole ʻia. Ua huhū pū nā makaʻāinana i ka hōʻole ʻana o Mugabe e hoʻololi i ke kumukānāwai ʻaoʻao o Zimbabwe. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe ka mea ʻeha ʻē aʻe, a laila ʻo ia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka uku no nā uku kīpē. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i nā uku aupuni i hāpai ʻia e nā luna aupuni i hoʻopili wale i ka huhū o ka lehulehu i kā Mugabe hoʻokele.
Ua hoʻomau ʻia nā kūʻē i kā Mugabe kipi politika kūpikipiki e kāohi i kāna kūleʻa. I ka 1998, iā ia i noi ai i nā ʻāina ʻē e hāʻawi kālā no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻāina, ua ʻōlelo nā ʻāina ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi manawaleʻa ke ʻole ʻo ia i hoʻolālā mua i kahi papahana no ke kōkua ʻana i kā Zimbabwe ʻilihune hoʻokele waiwai. Ua hōʻole ʻo Mugabe, a hōʻole nā ʻāina i ka hāʻawi manawaleʻa.
I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Mugabe i kahi hoʻololi i ke kumukānāwai i uku ai iā Pelekane no ka ʻāina āna i hopu ai mai ka poʻe ʻeleʻele. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mugabe e hopu ʻo ia i ka ʻāina Pelekane ma ke ʻano hoʻihoʻi inā ʻaʻole uku lākou. Hoʻonohonoho hou ka mea hou i nā pilina haole o Zimbabwe.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo Mugabe, kahi mea mālama lole conservative ʻoi aku i ka wā o kāna huakaʻi i komo i nā pālule waihoʻoluʻu me kona alo ponoʻī iā lākou, a lanakila i ke koho balota pelekikena 2002. ʻO ke kuhi manaʻo ua hoʻopihapiha ʻo ia i ka pahu koho balota i alakaʻi i ka European Union e hoʻokau i kahi embargo lima a me nā hoʻopaʻi waiwai ʻē aʻe ma Zimbabwe. I kēia manawa aia ka hoʻokele waiwai o Zimbabwe i kahi kokoke i nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka wī, kahi maʻi ahulau o ka maʻi SIDA, ka hōʻaiʻē haole a me ka nui o ka hana ʻole i loiloi i ka ʻāina. Akā ua hoʻoholo paʻa ʻo Mugabe e mālama i kāna keʻena a hana pēlā i kekahi ʻano e pono ai - e like me ka ʻōlelo hōʻino a me ka palaho - e lanakila ana i ka balota i nā koho balota o ka makahiki 2005.
Hōʻole i ka Mana Cede
Ma Malaki 29, 2008, i kona lilo ʻana i ke koho balota a ka pelekikena iā Morgan Tsvangirai, ke alakaʻi o ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē no ka Democratic Change (MDC), ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Mugabe e hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻōiwi a koi i ka hōʻike hou. E mālama ʻia ana kahi koho balota i kēlā Iune. I kēia manawa, hoʻouka kaua kolohe ʻia nā kākoʻo MDC e nā lālā o ko Mugabe kūʻē. I ka hoʻolaha ākea ʻana o Mugabe i kona wā e ola ana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻae iā Tsvangirai e noho aliʻi iā Zimbabwe, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Tsvangirai e hoʻohana ka ikaika o Mugabe i ke koho balota iā Mugabe, a haʻalele.
ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana o Mugabe i ka hāʻawi lima ʻana i ka mana pelekikena ua alakaʻi ʻia i kahi ulia pōʻino i hōʻeha ʻia he mau kaukani a ua make ka 85 o kā Tsvangirai mau kākoʻo. I kēlā Kepakemapa, ua ʻae ʻo Mugabe lāua ʻo Tsvangirai i kahiʻaelike hoʻokaʻawale mana. Ua hoʻoholo mau e hoʻomau i ka kaohi, ua hoʻomau ʻo Mugabe e mālama i ka hapa nui o ka mana e ka kaohi ʻana i nā pūʻali palekana a koho i nā alakaʻi no nā kūlana ʻoihana nui loa.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki 2010, ua hana ʻo Mugabe i hana hou e hopu i ka kaohi o Zimbabwe ma ke koho ʻana i nā kiaʻāina kuikawa me ka nīnau ʻole ʻana iā Tsvangirai. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi kaula diplomatika US e hakakā ana paha ʻo Mugabe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ua hāpai ka manaʻo hoʻopiʻi i nā hopohopo lehulehu e pili ana i kahi hoʻokahuli koa i ka hanana o Mugabe i ka wā e noho ana i ka keʻena. Ua haʻi aku kekahi i ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka hiki ke kaua kūloko i loko o ka ZANU-PF, inā makemake nā moho e hoʻokūkū e lilo i hope no Mugabe.
Koho 2013
Ma Kēkēmapa 10, 2011, ma ka National People's Conference ma Bulawayo, hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻo Mugabe i kāna noi no ke koho balota pelekikena o Zimbabwe 2012. Ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ke koho balota ʻana, no ka mea, ua ʻae nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e kākau i kumukānāwai hou, a ua hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia no 2013. Ua hele mai ka poʻe o Zimbabwe e kākoʻo i ka palapala hou i Malaki 2013, e ʻae ana iā ia i loko o kahi referendum kumukānāwai, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka 2013 e hōʻino ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka pelekikena e ka palaho a me ka hana ʻino.
E like me ka Reuters hōʻike, nā lunamakaʻāinana mai aneane 60 mau hui civic i loko o ka ʻāina i hoʻopiʻi no ka luku ʻia e Mugabe a me kāna mau mea kākoʻo. ʻO Critical o Mugabe, nā lālā o kēia mau pūʻulu i ka hoʻoweliweli, hopu a me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻau ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi nīnau no wai e ʻae ʻia e hoʻokele i ke kaʻina koho. ʻ saidlelo ʻo Mugabe ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka poʻe Komohana e kiaʻi i nā koho balota o ka ʻāina.
I Malaki, ua huakaʻi ʻo Mugabe i Roma no ka hoʻolauleʻa lehulehu no Pope Francis, ka mea i koho ʻia i ka inoa o ka pope. Ua haʻi aku ʻo Mugabe i ka poʻe kūkala nūhou e kipa aku ka pope hou i ʻApelika a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "Lana ko mākou manaʻo e lawe ʻo ia iā mākou i kāna mau keiki ma ke kumu hoʻokahi, ke kumu o ke kaulike, ke kumu he like mākou i ka maka o ke Akua," e like me ka hōʻike a ʻO The Associated Press.
I ka hopena o Iulai 2013, ma waena o ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke koho balota Zimbabwean o kēia manawa a ua kakali nui ʻia, ua hana ʻo Mugabe he 89 mau makahiki i nā poʻo inoa ke nīnau ʻia ʻo ia e manaʻo e holo hou i ke koho balota 2018 (ʻo ia ʻo 94 ia manawa) e kahi mea kākau mai The New York Times, i pane aku ai ka pelekikena, "No ke aha ʻoe e makemake ai e ʻike i kaʻu mau ʻōlelo huna?" Wahi a ka Hawaii Post, Ka hoa paio o Mugabe, ʻo Tsvangirai, i hoʻopiʻi i nā luna koho no ke kīloi ʻana i nā balota he 70,000 i kona ʻaoʻao i waiho mua ʻia.
I ka mua o ʻAukake, ua hoʻolaha ke kōmike koho a Zimbabwe iā Mugabe ka mea lanakila i ka heihei pelekikena. Loaʻa iā ia he 61 pākēneka o ke koho balota me Tsvangirai e loaʻa ana iā 34 wale nō pakeneka, e like me ka BBC News. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tsvangirai e hoʻāla i kahi hoʻopiʻi kū kānāwai i nā hopena o ke koho balota. Wahi a ka kahu nūpepa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tsvangirai ʻaʻole i koho ke koho "i ka makemake o ka lehulehu. ʻAʻole au i manaʻo ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe ma ʻApelika i hana i nā hana balota balota ua hana lākou i kahi ʻano kolohe. ”
Ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ke kamaʻāina ʻAmelika
I Nowemapa 2017 kahi wahine ʻAmelika e noho ana ma Zimbabwe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mana o - a hōʻino paha - ka pelekikena.
Wahi a nā loio, ʻo ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ʻo Martha O'Donovan, kahi mea hoʻonohonoho papahana no ka mea hui ʻo Magamba Network, "ua ʻimi ʻōnaehana e hoʻonāukiuki i ka haunaele politika ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana, hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele sophisticated o nā papaho pāʻoihana kaiaulu a me ka holo ʻana i kekahi Twitter. moʻokāki. " Ua alo ʻo ia i 20 mau makahiki i ka hale paʻahao no nā koina.
Ua hāpai ka hopu ʻia i nā hopohopo e hoʻāʻo ana ke aupuni o Mugabe e kaohi i ka pāhana ma mua o nā koho balota aupuni 2018.
Ka lawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa a me ka haʻalele ʻana
I kēia manawa, ua kupu hou aʻe kahi kūlana ʻoi loa ma Zimbabwe me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea i kipi ʻia e ka pūʻali koa. Ma Nowemapa 14, ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Mugabe o ka pelekikena pelekikena ʻo Emmerson Mnangagwa, ua ʻike ʻia nā pahu wai ma ke kapikala nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Harare. I ke kakahiaka nui aʻe, ua kū mai kahi mea haʻi ʻōlelo o ka pūʻali koa ma ka TV e hoʻolaha e hana ana ka pūʻali koa i ka poʻe lawehala e "hōʻehaʻeha ana i ka nohona a me ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka ʻāina i mea e hoʻokolokolo ai iā lākou."
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo ʻaʻole kēia ka lawe kaua ʻana i ke aupuni, e ʻōlelo ana, "Makemake mākou e hōʻoia i ka lāhui i ka hanohano o ka pelekikena ... a me kona ʻohana palekana a palekana a hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ko lākou palekana." I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo kahi o Mugabe, akā ua hōʻoia ʻia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i kona home.
I ka lā aʻe, ʻo Zimbabwe's ʻO ka Herald paʻi ʻia nā kiʻi o ka pelekikena makua ma ka home, me nā luna aupuni a me nā koa. Ke kūkākūkā nei nā luna e kūkākūkā ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana o kahi aupuni hoʻololi, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo ākea e pili ana i kēia hihia.
Ma Nowemapa 17, ua ala hou ʻo Mugabe i ka lehulehu ma kahi kaʻina puka o ke kulanui, kahi hiʻohiʻona i manaʻo ʻia e uhi maka i ka haunaele ma hope o nā hanana. Ma hope o ka hōʻole mua ʻana e hui pū me nā hoʻolālā i manaʻo ʻia e lawe iā ia me ka maluhia mai ka mana, ua ʻae ka pelekikena e hoʻolaha i kona hoʻomaha loa ʻana ma kahi ʻōlelo televise i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no Nowemapa 19.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻo Mugabe no ka līlī i ka wā o ka haʻiʻōlelo, ma kahi o ke koi ʻana e noho pelekikena ʻo ia i ka ʻaha kūkā o Kekemapa o ka pāʻina kia ZANU-PF. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻolaha ʻia e hoʻomaka ka pāʻina i nā hana impeachment e koho iā ia mai ka mana.
Ma Nowemapa 22, ma hope koke iho o ka hui pū ʻana o ka Zimbabwean Parliament i hoʻākoakoa ai no ka balota o ka impeachment, ua heluhelu ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo i kahi leka mai ka pelekikena i hakakā ʻia. "Ua haʻalele wau e ʻae i ka hoʻololi maʻalahi o ka mana," i kākau ʻo Mugabe. "E hāʻawi ʻoluʻolu i ka lehulehu i kaʻu hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wā hiki."
ʻO ka pau ʻana o ko Mugabe noho ʻana he 37 mau makahiki i hālāwai me ka paʻipaʻi ʻia e nā lālā o ka Parliament, a me nā hoʻolauleʻa ma nā alanui o Zimbabwe. Wahi a kahi haʻi ʻōlelo no ka ZANU-PF, ʻo ka hope pelekikena mua ʻo Mnangagwa e lilo i pelekikena a lawelawe i ke koena o ka wā ʻo Mugabe a hiki i nā koho balota o 2018.
Ma mua o ke koho balota ma Iulai 30, 2018, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mugabe ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kākoʻo i kona hope, ʻo Mnangagwa, ma hope o ke kipaku ʻia ʻana e ka "pāʻina aʻu i hoʻokumu ai," a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ke alakaʻi kūʻē kūʻē ʻo Nelson Chamisa o ka MDC wale nō ka moho pelekikena kūpono. Ua huki ʻia kahi pane ikaika mai Mnangagwa, nāna i ʻōlelo, "Ua maopopo i nā mea āpau a Chamisa i hana kuʻikahi ai me Mugabe, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke manaʻoʻiʻo hou i kāna mau manaʻo e hoʻololi iā Zimbabwe a kūkulu hou i ko mākou lāhui."
Ua ninini pū ʻia nā haunaele ma nā koho balota i mua o ka lehulehu, me nā hōʻike e hoʻohuli i ka hana kolohe ma luna o ka mea i hoʻolaha ʻia e lanakila ai ka ZANU-PF a me ka lanakila o Mnangagwa. Ua haʻi ʻo Lunahoomalu MDC ʻo Morgan Komichi e hoʻopiʻi ana kāna ʻaoʻao i ka hopena ma ka ʻaha.
He aha e lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻatikala:
- Walter Mzembi) from the Republics of Zimbabwe and Zambia, delegations and our distinguished guests from the UNWTO ʻohana, ko mākou mau alakaʻi kuʻuna, ʻo ke Aliʻi Mvuto a me ke Aliʻi Mukuni, ka mea i kaʻana like i ka wailele ʻo Victoria, nā kāpena o ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi, nā lede a me nā keonimana, nā hoa a me nā hoaaloha, ʻo koʻu hauʻoli, he hanohano maoli no koʻu ʻāina, ʻo Zimbabwe, e hoʻokipa i ka UNWTO ʻohana i kēia pō a i nā lā ʻelima e hiki mai ana.
- Ua hauʻoli loa wau i ka hana hou ʻana o ka Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry i hoʻāla hou i ko mākou lālā o ka UNWTO and, with your active support, Secretary General Rifai, proceed to become a very active member of the organization, acquiring a seat on the organization's Executive Council in the same year.
- ʻO ka hauʻoli i ka 2009, me ka maʻalahi o SADC a me ka AU, ua hoʻokumu mākou i aupuni o ka lokahi aupuni, ka GNU, i alakaʻi i ka palupalu o nā kūʻē kūʻē iā mākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o kā mākou mea kālai'āina a me nā hoʻokele waiwai.
