ʻO ke alahouana i ka wā kaua

He mea pena kiʻi akamai i nā kiʻi mōʻaukala a me nā ʻano kiʻi, nā ʻāina, a me nā kiʻi kiʻi, hoʻolei ʻo ia i ka "realism koʻikoʻi" i ka ʻaila ma ka canvas.

Ma kāna mau hana, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pili kokoke i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e like me ka hiki. ʻO kāna mau kiʻi pena he mau hōʻike no kāna mau ʻike hakakā ma Central Asia. ʻO kāna mau ho'āʻo e hōʻike i nā mea weliweli o ke kaua a me ka pōʻino e hoʻohuli i kāna mau kiʻi pena i nā moʻolelo kiʻi maoli, e hopu ana i ka manawa a me ka ʻuhane - ʻaʻole ka "swagger a me ka wiwo ʻole koa" e like me kāna i ʻōlelo ai, akā ʻo ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe koa i ʻeha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manawa o ke kaua "a me ka hana ʻino ʻino o nā aliʻi nāna e hoʻolei i nā lāhui i loko o nā kuni koko."

Ke alo nei i ka nūhou i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ka make a me ka luku ma kaua-haehae Ukraine, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka mea pena i hōʻike ʻia he mea hōʻike i kēia manawa o ke ʻano o nā hakakā a me nā kaua, e hoʻomaka ana mai Afghanistan ma o ka Middle East a me North Africa, a hiki i ka Caucasus a - mai 2014 - Ukraine. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he coeval - ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo hoʻāla o kāna mau kiʻi pena, ʻo ia nō!

ʻO Vasily Vereshchagin kona inoa. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻOkakopa 26, 1842, ma Cherepovets/Novgorod Governorate, Russia, a make ʻo ia ma ʻApelila 13, 1904. Ma mua o kona hiki ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi kupanaha o ka realism, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea kākau moʻolelo, ethnologist a me geographer, he mea kākau a me ka geographer. mea kākau moʻolelo, a, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kanaka huakaʻi makemake nui, e uhi ana i ka Balkans, Middle East, Turkestan, Manchuria, India, Philippines, Iapana, Cuba, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

I ka hapa lua o kona ola ʻana, ua mālama ʻo Vereshchagin i nā hōʻikeʻike 65 o kāna mau hana, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Nui ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu.

No ke aha i mahalo nui ai ka poʻe iā Vereshchagin? I loko o ka puke kiʻi "Vereshchagin," i paʻi ʻia ma 1987 ma "Leningrad Khudozhnik RSFSR," hāʻawi ʻo Andrei Lebedev lāua ʻo Alexander Solodnikov i nā ʻike kupaianaha e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa ma hope o kā Gorbachev's Glasnost a me Perestroika: "He aha ka mea i hoihoi i nā poʻe i nā kiʻi pena a Vereshchagin a kaulana ʻo ia i ka honua. ʻO ka mea mua loa, nā manaʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke aupuni democracy ʻo ia ka motto o nā naʻauao Lūkini o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa a lilo i kumu hoʻoikaika no Vereshchagin.

ʻOiai ua ola ʻo ia i ke kenekulia 19, ʻaʻole i nalowale ke kumumanaʻo kaua o kāna mau hana kiʻi 235 i ko lākou mau waiwai hoʻomanaʻo a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo cathartic: He mea weliweli lākou, hoʻoikaika nui iā mākou ma mua o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i nā mea hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia: kēlā kaua. ua hoʻi mai i ʻEulopa, a hiki i kahi o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i nā laka ʻaʻa o ABC Cold War arsenals.

He 25 paha ʻo Vereshchagin i kona komo piha ʻana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Great Game," e wehewehe ana i ka hakakā ʻana o ke kenekulia 19 ma waena o Russia, Great Britain, a me Kina ma Central Asia. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻokahe koko ʻole i nā kaua ma waena o ka pūʻali koa Lūkini a me nā koa o ka Buchara Emirate. I ke kaua Russo-Turkish ma luna o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā Balkans mai ka hoʻokaumaha ʻo Ottoman, ua ʻeha nui ʻo Vereshchagin. I loko o kāna mau kiʻi pena, ua hoʻohewa ʻo ia i "kekahi o nā alakaʻi o Rūsia i ka hemahema a me ka ʻole o ka haipule" (mai "Vereshchagin" na Lebedev lāua ʻo Solodnikov).

I kona lilo ʻana i "Partisan of Peace," ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻāhewa ikaika i ka nationalism a i ka chauvinism.

 ʻAʻohe mea e ʻōlelo ai i nā pāpale keleawe o ka pūʻali koa i manaʻo i nā ʻāpana o nā kiʻi pena a Vereshchagin he mea huhū loa, e puka mai ana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi no ka mea pena. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i kāna mau kiʻi pena e hoʻohiwahiwa i nā mea weliweli o ke kaua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i maluhia kona make ponoʻī. Ua make pū ʻo Vereshchagin me kāna mea hoʻokipa, ʻo Admiral Stepan Markarov, ma luna o ka mokuahi Lūkini "Petropavlovsk," i hahau ʻia e ʻelua mau mina i ka wā e hoʻi ana i Port Arthur (i kēia lā ʻo Dalian / Kina) a piholo i ka lā 13 ʻApelila, 1904, i ka wā o ke Kaua Lūkini-Iapana. (ʻO Rusia, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe, ua nalowale kēlā kaua, no laila ke hānai nei i nā kānalua mua i ka hiki ʻole o "European" ma Asia).

Auē, makemake ʻo Vereshchagin e hoʻohana i kāna mau talena e hōʻike ana i nā ʻaoʻao mālamalama o ke ola. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo kona ʻano noho ʻana, e kaʻana like ʻo ia me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kāna predilection o ka huakaʻi ʻana i ka honua me ka manaʻo ikaika i ka adventurism. "Ua makemake au i ka lā i koʻu ola a pau a makemake wau e pena i ka lā," i kākau ai ʻo Vereshchagin, "i ka wā i ʻike ai au i ke kaua a haʻi i koʻu manaʻo no ia mea, hauʻoli wau e hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi hou iaʻu iho i ka lā. Akā ua hoʻomau ka huhū o ke kaua iaʻu "(mai Vasily Vereshchagin - Wikipedia)." 

Ua ʻike ʻo Austrian-Bohemian pacifist a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Bertha von Suttner iā Vereshchagin. Ma kāna mau moʻolelo, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i kahi kipa ʻana i kekahi o kāna mau hōʻikeʻike ma Vienna, "Ma nā kiʻi he nui ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke kāohi i ka uē weliweli." Pane akula ʻo Vereshchagin: “Ua manaʻo paha ʻoe he mea hoʻonui? ʻAʻole, ʻoi aku ka weliweli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo (mai peaceinstitute.com). "

ʻO ka pena hope loa o ka moʻolelo ʻo Vereshchagin "The Barbarians," nona ke poʻo inoa ʻo "Apotheosis of War" - he kiʻi ʻino o kahi pyramid o nā iwi poʻo kanaka. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i kāna kāwele ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻohui o nā hoʻouka kaua weliweli ʻo Tamerlane hoʻokele Hikina i hana ʻia ma luna o Central Asia a ma waho. ʻO ka ʻōlelo a Vereshchagin he politika koʻikoʻi, "I nā lanakila lanakila āpau - i hala, i kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana." ʻO nā mea like me ke kaua o kēia lā ma Ukraine ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i mea evocative.

ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻo Leo Tolstoy ʻo "War and Peace" iā Vereshchagin e nānā i ko Tolstoy moʻolelo kūʻē i ke kaua kūʻē i ka aila ma ke kāwele, ʻo ka moʻolelo ʻo Tolstoy "Resurrection" ka mea i lanakila i nā moʻolelo āpau i ka wā i paʻi ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1899. i loko o ka makasina mahina ʻAmelika, "Cosmopolitan," me ke poʻo inoa i unuhi manuahi ʻia i loko o "The Awakening." ʻO kēia lā ke ala e ʻimi ai i ka puka i ka maluhia!

ʻOi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kā mākou "Happy Easter" i kēia lā. ʻAʻole naʻe paha lākou i kūpono inā ʻōlelo ʻia i ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i ke kaua a me ka nele. No lākou ʻo ka "hauʻoli" ua lilo ia i mea pāʻani. Aia nō naʻe ka Easter, a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, a me ka paipai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a ka Ekalesia Hikina: "Ua ala ʻo Christos voskrese/Christ." "Voistinu voskrese / Ua ala hou ʻo ia."