Ua kipa lākou a pau i ka Lepupalika ʻo Keokia a ua mahalo nui ʻia i ka ʻokoʻa waina (ma waena o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe) i ko lākou hoʻi ʻana i ka home, kākau lākou e pili ana iā lākou.

ʻO Georgia Oozes History

Inā noho ʻoe ma Georgia, e kāhea paha ʻoe i kou ʻāina ʻo Sakartvelo. Ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau noiʻi i ka inoa ʻo "Georgia" i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Middle Ages i ka wā i hele ai nā crusaders Kristiano ma ka ʻāina i ko lākou ala i ka ʻāina Hemolele. I kēlā manawa he ʻāpana ia o ke aupuni Peresia a ua ʻike ʻia nā kamaʻāina ʻo Guri i hoʻolaʻa iā St. o na koa Kalikiano. Ua hana nā Crusaders i ka pilina a kapa ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Georgia.

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana waina ʻo Georgian mua ma kahi mele kahiko, "He māla waina ʻoe" i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e King Demetrius (1093-1156AD) i kāna aupuni Georgian hou. Hoʻomaka ka himeni, "He māla waina ʻoe i pua hou, ʻōpio nani, e ulu ana ma ʻEdena."

Ua mahalo nui ʻia ka waina Georgian e nā aliʻi o ʻAsuria nāna i hoʻololi i kā lākou mau kānāwai e ʻae ana i nā kamaʻāina e uku i kā lākou ʻaiʻē ma ka waina ma mua o ke gula.

Ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka mōʻaukala ʻo Joseph Stalin. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Georgia a ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka hōʻino ma ke ʻano he kipi i ke aupuni Lūkini i lilo i alakaʻi politika o ka Soviet Union mai 1924 - 1953. Ke hoʻomau nei kekahi i ka mahalo iā ia no kona lanakila ʻana iā Hitler; akā naʻe, manaʻo ka hapa nui iā ia he mea hoʻomāinoino i ka luku ʻana i kona lāhui ponoʻī.

Location, Location, Location

ʻO ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻEulopa ʻo nā mauna Caucasus, e hana ana i ka palena ma waena o Georgia a me Rusia. Aia paha ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa ma Rūsia; Eia naʻe, ʻo ka lua kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo Shkara, aia ma Georgia (17,040 ft) e paʻi ana i ka mauna Blanc ma kahi kokoke i 1312 kapuaʻi.

Aia i 600 mile ma ka hikina o ka Bosporus, aia o Georgia ma Asia, i palena ia e ke Kai Eleele ma ke komohana, Rusia ma ka akau a me ka hikina akau, Tureke ma ke komohana hema, Armenia ma ka hema, a me Azerbaijan ma ka hikina hema. Uhi ka ʻāina i 26,900 sq mile me ka heluna kanaka o 3.7 miliona mau kānaka. Noho ka hapakolu o ka heluna kanaka ma Tbilisi - ke kapikala a me ke kūlanakauhale nui loa me 3.7 miliona mau kānaka.

Waina Mahele o ka Moolelo

ʻO ka hana waina ma Georgia kahi ʻāpana o kāna mōʻaukala ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana ma mua o 8,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ua manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ʻo ka Repubalika ʻo ia ka "cradle of wine." I loko o nā kenekulia, ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Georgia, e hoʻokuke ana i nā mea inu waina kahiko mai kā lākou mau māla waina. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, aia kahi kuʻuna o ka mālama ʻana i nā kumulāʻau no ka mahi hoʻololi ʻana i hiki ai ke ola i ka māla waina a me ka hana waina.

Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua hana ʻo Saint Nino, ka mea haʻi mua o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano ma Georgia, i kāna keʻa mai nā kumu waina a hoʻopaʻa i nā kumu me kona lauoho ponoʻī. Manaʻo ʻia hoʻi ua kōkua nā mōneka o ka monastery Alaverdi i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano qvevri (aka kvevri a me tchuri).

Ua ulu ka poʻe hana waina o Georgia i ka Middle Ages, ʻoiai ua haʻalulu ʻia ka ʻāina hikina hikina e ka Crusades. Ma ke ʻano he lāhui Kalikiano, ua waiho ʻia ʻo Georgia me ka pōʻino ʻole e ka poʻe Crusaders a ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i kāna mahiʻai a me kāna kālepa me ka maluhia. Ma hope mai, noho ia ma waho o ka Ottoman Empire, nona ke kānāwai Islamic Sharia i pāpā i ka inu waina.

Ua ulu ka hua waina ma Georgia a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka phylloxera a me ka pulu mai ʻAmelika i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19. Ua hoʻopau ka pest i kahi kokoke i 150,000 ʻeka (60,700ha) o nā māla waina.

I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Georgia ma lalo o ka mana Soviet i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kanu hou ʻia nā māla waina i kā lākou mau kaukani e hoʻokō i ka makemake nui. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka makahiki 1980 i ka manaʻo o ka Soviet Union i ka waina. Ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻo Mikhail Gorbachev i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka waiʻona i nā mea hoʻopuka waina ʻo Georgian.

Ua hauʻoli ka ʻāina i nā manawa pōkole o ke kūpaʻa politika mai kona haʻi ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa mai ka USSR i ka makahiki 1991. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o Georgia a me Rūsia i kēia lā, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻae ʻana o Rūsia i ka makahiki 2006 i ka lawe ʻana mai o ka waina ʻo Georgian, ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia a hiki i Iune 2013.

ʻO Georgiaʻa Qvevri Method

ʻO Qvevri nā ipu lepo nui terracotta i hoʻohana ʻia no ka fermentation, mālama, a me ka ʻelemakule o ka waina Georgian kahiko. Ua like ka pahu i nā amphorae nui me ka ʻano hua manu me ka ʻole o nā lima a hiki ke kanu ʻia ma lalo o ka lepo a i ʻole ke kau ʻia i loko o nā papahele o nā hale waina nui.

Hana ʻia ʻo Amphorae me nā lima a ʻaʻohe qvevri i nā lima, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hana o kēlā me kēia. Ma Helene a me Roma kahiko, ua hoʻohana wale ʻia nā amphorae no ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana ʻai e like me ka waina a me ka aila ʻoliva a ʻaʻole no ka hana waina.

Ua lilo mau ʻo Qvevri i loko o ke kaʻina hana waina a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka lawe ʻana ma muli o ko lākou nui a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka lepo.

I ka pae hope o ka hana qvevri, ua uhi ʻia ka loko o kēlā me kēia moku me ka beeswax (e mau ana nā ipu hao a ʻae i ka ea e hele i ka wā o ka fermentation); Hiki i ka beeswax ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā moku ma hope o kēlā me kēia hoʻohana. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia lākou ma lalo o ka lepo, ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a mālama pono ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka qvevri no nā kenekulia.

I ka wā mua, ua lawa ka nui o ka qvevri o Georgia kahiko i mea e pono ai ka ʻohana. I ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke koi, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka qvevri e hiki ai ke hana i ka nui o ka waina i kēlā me kēia moku. I ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui, ua paʻa ʻole nā hale pālolo ma lalo o ko lākou kaumaha nui a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ke kaomi i ka wā fermentation. No ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, ua hoʻomaka nā mea inu waina e kanu i ka qvevri ma lalo o ka lepo. He hana naʻauao kēia no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka hana ma lalo o ka honua ua ʻike lākou i ke ʻano kahiko o ka refrigeration (ʻoi aku ka maʻalili o ka mahana ma lalo o ka lepo). ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka wā maceration lōʻihi no nā hua waina ma ka fermentation pono, i ʻole e hoʻopōʻino ka waina ma luna o ka lepo. Hoʻonui ka manawa maceration lōʻihi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻono i nā waina qvevri. Ua kapa ʻo UNESCO i ke ʻano qvevri he kahua hoʻoilina moʻomeheu intangible ma 2013.

i ka Hihia '

Paʻi hapa ʻia nā hua waina ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka qvevri no ka fermentation. Ma kekahi mau ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻili a me nā ʻōpala; akā naʻe, ma nā ʻāina anu i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻole kēia kaʻina hana no ka mea hiki i ka waina ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻano "'ōmaʻomaʻo".

Hoʻomaka ka fermentation ma hope o kekahi mau lā a hoʻomau no 2-4 mau pule. I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻili paʻa, nā ʻōpala, a i ʻole ka pāpale, e iho ana ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka wai fermenting. Hāʻawi ka pāpale i nā meaʻono, nā meaʻala, a me nā tannins i ka hua waina pono. I ka wā fermentation, ua kuʻi ʻia kēia pāpale i ʻelua manawa i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻonui i kona hopena i ka waina.

Ke hāʻule hope ka pāpale, wehe ʻia nā ʻili a me nā ʻōpala no nā waina ʻulaʻula, a waiho ʻia nā keʻokeʻo n pili. ʻO ka hana aʻe e uhi i ka qvevri me nā poʻi pōhaku a hoʻomaka ka malolactic fermentation. Waiho ʻia nā waina e oʻo no kahi o 6 mau mahina, i loko o ka manawa e hāʻule ai nā lee a me nā mea paʻa i loko o kahi ʻāpana ma ke kumu o ka moku kahi e liʻiliʻi ai ka pili a me ka hopena.

I ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻoili ʻia ka waina i kahi qvevri i hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia a i ʻole kahi ipu mālama ʻē aʻe a hiki i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana; i kekahi manawa, ʻomole koke ka waina.

Paʻa ʻo Kvevris i 10 a 10,000 lita (800 ka mea maʻamau) a hoʻonui i ka waina me ka pālolo loamy. ʻAʻole i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ka waina a hoʻohua mai i ka waina hue ʻalani i hoʻomake iki ʻia a me ka tannic.

He Hui Waiwaina

ʻO Georgia kahi kokoke i 50,000 mau ʻeka o nā hua waina, me 75 pākēneka i kanu ʻia i nā hua waina keʻokeʻo a me 25 pākēneka i nā hua waina ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā māla waina o ka lāhui ke kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Kakheti o Georgia hikina, ka wahi hana waina mua o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā huawaina kaulana ʻelua ʻo Rkatsiteli (keʻokeʻo) a me Saperavi (ʻulaʻula).

Ua helu ʻo Georgia ma kahi o 500 mau ʻano hua waina ʻōiwi akā a hiki i kēia manawa, ua kālele ka hana pāʻoihana i ka liʻiliʻi loa e like me ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā Soviet i hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo nui i ka hoʻohui a me ka pono. I kēia lā, ma kahi o 45 mau ʻano ʻano i hana ʻia ma ke kālepa; akā naʻe, aia ke aupuni Georgian i kahi misionari e mālama a hoʻokomo hou i nā hua waina kahiko a hoʻonui i nā koho. I ke kauwela 2014, ua hoʻomaka ka National Wine Agency e hana hou i ka ʻoihana waina ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana ma luna o 7000 mau mea kanu o ka "pouliuli" a me nā ʻano ʻōiwi i nā mea kanu a puni ka ʻāina.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi ua puka mua ka huawaina keʻokeʻo Rkatsiteli ma Georgia hikina (ke kenekulia 1), hana ia i ka waina keʻokeʻo ʻawaʻawa akā kaulike me ka ʻono piha a me ke kino piha. Hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā hōʻailona o ka quince a me ka peach keʻokeʻo. Paʻakikī ka ʻike palate ma muli o ke ʻano hana kuʻuna Georgian qvevri.

ʻO ka huawaina ʻulaʻula alakaʻi, ʻo Saperavi, he ʻōiwi ia i Georgia (ʻo ia hoʻi: kahi wahi kala). ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻano hua waina liʻiliʻi (Palani: dye or stain) ma ka honua me ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻili ʻula. Hāʻawi ia i kahi waihoʻoluʻu hohonu, inky, pinepine piha opaque me nā ʻala a me nā ʻono o nā hua ʻeleʻele, licorice, ʻiʻo i kālua ʻia, paka, kokoleka, a me nā mea ʻala.

He wanana pomaikai. Malia paha

Hōʻike ka noiʻi e loaʻa ana ʻo Georgia i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi o "ka maʻi waina" me ka makemake o nā mea a pau e komo. Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nei nā Georgians ma ke ʻano he sommeliers ʻoihana, nā mea hana waina, a me nā alakaʻi huakaʻi winery, a ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā papa no nā mea kūʻai.

I kēia lā, loaʻa nā waina Georgian ma 53 mau ʻāina me Polani, a me Kazakhstan. Kina, Farani, Israel, Netherlands, US, a me Kanada. Aia ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa o ka ʻike hou ʻana, ka hoʻohou, a me ka ulu ʻana - a ua mākaukau nā mea kūʻai waina o ka honua e hoʻokipa i kēia mau waina i ka mākeke hoʻokūkū o ka e-commerce, nā hale kūʻai waina, a me nā aisles waina o nā supermarkets a me nā hale kūʻai mokulele. He kanawalu mau hale kūʻai waina e hana ana i ka makahiki 2006, a i ka makahiki 2018, aia ma kahi o 1,000 mau hale waina.

He aha ka hana a nā mea hana waina Georgian? Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i nā ʻano hua waina o ka honua a ma muli o ke aniau, e neʻe i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano waina ʻoi loa. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke koho e huki i nā ʻano moʻolelo kahiko a me nā ʻano waina. ʻO ka ʻoi loa ka lōʻihi o ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua.

Hui Waiona o Georgia

Ma 2010, ua hoʻokumu nā lālā o ka ʻoihana waina Georgian i ka Georgian Wine Association (GWA) ma ke ʻano he kahua no ke kākoʻo, hoʻomohala, a me ka hoʻololi manaʻo. ʻO ka hui 30-lālā ka leo o ka māhele waina Georgian ma ka home a me ka honua a ke manaʻo nei e hoʻonui i ka ʻike lehulehu a me ka mahalo i nā waina o Georgia. Hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka hui i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kuʻuna waina kūloko a me nā ʻano hana waina, ke kanu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā varietal endemic, ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hoʻonaʻauao viticulture a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana huakaʻi waina.

Manaʻo Waina Curated

1. Teliani Tsolikouri 2021. Wahi: Orbeli, ka moku Lechkhumi

ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Teliani ka hōʻailona Georgian mua loa e komo i ka mākeke ʻAmelika a ʻo ka mea nui loa o nā ʻoihana waina o ka lāhui e hana ana ma luna o 500,000 mau hihia i kēlā me kēia makahiki me 70 pakeneka i lawe ʻia aku. Hoʻohui ia i nā ʻenehana kuʻuna a me nā ʻenehana hou e hana i nā waina mai nā ʻano ʻano hua waina ʻōiwi Georgian.

Aia ka māla waina ma ka ʻāina o Prince Alexander Chavchavadze (1786-1846), he haku mele Georgian, kōkua lehulehu, a he lālā o ka pūʻali koa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka "makuakāne o Georgian romanticism." Ma ʻaneʻi i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ai ka waina ma Georgia a ua paʻa i kahi hōʻiliʻili waina ka waina kahiko loa o ka makahiki 1814.

• Nā memo.

E noʻonoʻo ʻo Chablis me kahi hue lemona māmā, i hana ʻia mai ka Tsolikouri varietal, me ka minerality a me nā hints o ka lemon, a me ka limestone; hou a me ka hua (e noʻonoʻo i ka pear, ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, ka hua waina, ka pineapple) a me ka meli). E hui pū me ka moa i kālua ʻia.

2. Gvantsa Aladasturi Ulaula 2021. Locale: Imereti region; ʻano hua waina Aladasturi; qvevri i hū ʻia me ka hū hihiu; ulu ʻia nā hua waina ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. Organic. Hana ʻia e Gvantsa Abuladze, a me ke kaikuahine ʻo Baia.

• Nā memo.

ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ka maka, hōʻailona o nā raspberry hou, nā currant ʻulaʻula, nā moʻolelo pua i ka ihu; nā tannins kaulike a palupalu; nā manaʻo o nā hua ʻulaʻula, nā mea ʻala maʻalahi ma ka palale, e alakaʻi ana i ka hopena lōʻihi. E hui pū me ke keiki hipa a i ʻole ka puaʻa.

3. Tevza Chinuri 2021. Wahi: ʻāina ʻo Kartli (nā kauhale o Bebris a me Vazian); 100 pakeneka ʻano hua waina ʻo Chinuri; ʻOhi lima ʻia nā kumu waina 14-y/o, lawe ʻia i ka hale waina, a ʻoki pololei ʻia i qvevri; hoʻomaka ka fermentation ma ka lumi wela. Hoʻopau ka fermentation manawaleʻa ke maloʻo ka waina a hahai ʻia kēia e ka fermentation MLF maoli.

Loaʻa ka inoa mai kahi kala gula kūikawā, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka lepili. He ʻano hua waina ʻili ʻili ʻo Chinuri me ka pulupulu a me ka wai akaka. ʻO Goga Tevazdze ka mea hana waina (i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2018). Kānā ʻole ʻia; hoʻohana i nā mea hū maoli no ka fermentation; macerates keʻokeʻo no 4-6 pule ma nā ʻili i qvevri me ka liʻiliʻi o SO2.

• Nā memo.

Melemele maʻemaʻe i ka amber i ka maka; minerality, citrus, creamy, textured me ka paʻakikī nui