He aha ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Miracle of Vaccines e hōʻike mai iā mākou

Ma kahi o 10 a 15 mau makahiki e hana ʻia ai nā kano hou. No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kano kano COVID-19 kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki.

A he mea maʻalahi ke ʻike i ke kumu e like paha ia me he hana mana. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kano COVID-19 ka hopena o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka mālama pono ʻana, nā kulekele, a me nā hui pū ʻana i hoʻokumu i ka ʻōnaehana, talent, a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka kaiaola e pono ai e hoʻokau koke iā lākou.

Loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua e mahalo i kā lākou mau makahiki o ka noiʻi kumu. Hoʻokahi mea noiʻi, ʻo Kauka Katalin Karikó o Hungary, ua hoʻolaʻa i kāna ʻoihana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻelele RNA, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mRNA. No nā makahiki, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kāna mau manaʻo unorthodox ke kākoʻo ākea a me ke kālā, a nui ka poʻe i hōʻole i ka manaʻo e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mRNA e hana i nā kano a me nā therapeutics. Akā ua hoʻomau ʻo Kauka Karikó. ʻO kāna moʻolelo he hōʻailona ia o ka nui o nā ʻepekema i ʻike ʻia-i nā makahiki he nui i ka hana ʻana-ua hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ʻelua mau kano mRNA maikaʻi loa ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki.

He makana e hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana: Aia nā moho kano kano mRNA i ka pipeline hoʻomohala i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hope i kekahi o nā maʻi make loa o ka honua, mai ka maʻi maʻi a i ka maʻi kanesa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo nā kano mRNA wale nō ka moʻolelo kūleʻa R&D e puka mai i kēia ala.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki lōʻihi o ke kaʻina genomic

I kēia manawa, ʻike nui ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo SARS-CoV-2, ka maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka COVID-19, ua hoʻololi i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi a me ka make, e like me ka delta, ke laha nei a puni ka honua. Mahalo i ka genomic sequencing—ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano genetic makeup o kahi maʻi—ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke ʻike a hahai i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hana ʻia ka hapa nui o ka genomic sequencing ma ka honua ma ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa. E hoʻouna nā ʻāina me ka ʻole o ka ʻenehana sequencing i nā laʻana viral i nā labs ma nā wahi e like me New York a me Lākana no ka loiloi genetic-a loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena i nā mahina ma hope.

Akā no nā makahiki ʻehā i hala iho nei, ua hoʻolilo nā hui i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnaewele nānā genomic ma ʻApelika, no laila hiki i nā ʻāina ma ka ʻāina ke hoʻonohonoho i nā maʻi e like me ka Ebola a me ka maʻi melemele. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Africa CDC i ka Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative, a i ka wā i pā ai ka maʻi maʻi, ua huli ka ʻoihana nascent i ka SARS-CoV-2. ʻO ke kumu wale nō i ʻike ai ka honua i ka puka ʻana mai o nā ʻano beta ʻoi aku ka maʻi maʻi a me ka make ma ʻApelika Hema no ka mea ua hoʻopukapuka nui ka ʻāina i ka R&D—i kēia hihia, e hoʻohui pū ana i nā mana hoʻohālikelike genomic me nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau a me nā noiʻi immunology. ʻO Kauka Penny Moore ponoʻī o ʻApelika Hema kekahi o nā ʻepekema mua i ʻike i kahi ʻano coronavirus i ʻike ʻia ma ʻApelika Hema hiki ke hoʻopuni i ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Me kēia ʻike, hiki i nā luna olakino olakino a puni ka honua ke hoʻolālā e like me ia. A ʻo ʻApelika Hema, ka mea i hoʻokomo hohonu i ka ʻoihana e hana wikiwiki a hoʻokō pono i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hiki ke hoʻoponopono koke i kāna mau hoʻokolohua kano. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana e hoʻoholo inā hāʻawi nā lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 i ka pale kūpono i ka ʻano hou e laha koke ana ma nā wahi āpau.

ʻAʻole lawa no nā ʻāina waiwai wale nō me nā lako a me nā kumuwaiwai e hoʻonohonoho i nā maʻi maʻi.

Me he mea lā i loko o kahi honua honua, kahi e neʻe mau ai nā kānaka a me nā waiwai i nā palena, ʻaʻole lawa ia no nā ʻāina waiwai wale nō ka poʻe me nā lako a me nā kumuwaiwai e hoʻonohonoho i nā maʻi. Akā ua lawe ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi e hoʻoikaika ai i ka mea nui o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hiki o nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me waena o ka loaʻa kālā e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kā lākou ʻikepili ponoʻī - no ka mea e pōmaikaʻi ana kēlā me kēia.

A ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa e pili ana i ka pūnaewele genomic sequencing o ʻApelika, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenehana no kekahi pathogen: Inā hiki i ka ʻāina ke hoʻomau i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnaewele, e hana koke ana ia i kāna maʻi maʻi no nā maʻi lōʻihi e like me ka maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi maʻi, a me ka polio. .

ʻAʻole lawa ka hana ʻepekema, ʻoiai me ka wikiwiki o ka moʻolelo. He mea kupanaha ka R&D o ka ma'i ma'i COVID-19, akā 'oi aku ka maika'i o ka loa'a 'ana o ka po'e a pau. Hoʻomanaʻo mai nā hemahema o ka makahiki i hala aku nei he maʻalahi loa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma mua o ka hana.

Aia i nā kānaka—mai nā keʻena o ka mana a hiki i nā hui kumu a me nā hui kaiāulu—e piʻi i luna e hoʻopiha i nā āpau. A i kēia makahiki, ʻo ia kēia mau hana hoʻoikaika kanaka, i ka wā i hui ai me nā hoʻopukapuka mua i nā ʻōnaehana, i nā kaiāulu, a me nā kānaka, i ʻae i ka honua e pale aku i kekahi o kēlā mau wānana mua.

Hoʻokomo kālā i nā ʻōnaehana

Ke kākau nei mākou i kēia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā maʻi āpau COVID-19 i lawelawe ʻia ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe-waena. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa i ka nui o nā doses e pono ai e uhi i ko lākou heluna, inā pono nā mea hoʻoikaika no nā ʻano maʻi infectious. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1% o nā doses i lawelawe ʻia ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia mau ʻano like ʻole he huhū koʻikoʻi - a hoʻonui i ka pilikia maoli e hoʻomaka ai nā ʻāina a me nā kaiāulu kiʻekiʻe e mālama iā COVID-19 ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi ʻilihune. ʻAʻole ko mākou pilikia.ShareCaliforniaTotal VaccinesAdministered:42MPka heluna kanaka:39.5MMO ka heluna kanaka o ka aina holookoa o Aferika ua oi aku mamua o 30 manawa mamua o ka mokuaina o Kaleponi. Akā ma ka hapa mua o 2021, ua hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i ka helu like o nā kano.

Pono ka ʻoihana e hana wikiwiki i kahi 15 biliona kano kano ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka pō, a i ʻole i hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā hāʻawi ʻo India i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mea e hana ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia kēlā ʻoihana i ka wā lōʻihi.

Ke hoʻolilo nei ʻo India i kāna ʻoihana hana mālama olakino no nā makahiki he mau makahiki-mai ke kūʻokoʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina. Ua kōkua ke aupuni India iā Pune, kahi kūlanakauhale kokoke i Mumbai, i lilo i wahi hana nui honua ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mana R&D a me nā ʻoihana kūloko, e like me ka uila, ka wai, a me ka halihali. Ua hana pū lākou me ka World Health Organization e kūkulu i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono no nā lāʻau lapaʻau i mālama i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka honua no ka maikaʻi, palekana, a me ka pono. A ua hui pū lākou me nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau ma Pune a me nā hui ʻē aʻe e like me Hyderabad a me kā mākou kumu e hoʻomohala, hana, a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoponopono i nā maʻi ʻoi loa o ka wā kamaliʻi, mai ka maʻi maʻi a hiki i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. e hōʻole i ka pilikia o COVID-19 ma India - hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana o ka puʻupuʻu - akā he hana kupaianaha ia o ka holomua i kēia lā ma mua o 60% o nā lāʻau āpau i kūʻai ʻia ma ka honua i hana ʻia ma ka subcontinent.

Ua ʻike pū mākou he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāina i loaʻa ka hoʻopukapuka aupuni i ka ʻoihana olakino e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono, a i nā manawa he nui, aia ka laha o COVID-19. ʻO nā hoʻopukapuka lōʻihi i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka polio hihiu ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa i kōkua i nā ʻāina e like me Nigeria a me Pakistan e kūkulu i kekahi o nā limahana hana nui loa i ke olakino honua hou. ʻO ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i ka polio i hana ʻia i nā ʻenehana no ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi - ka mea i hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i nā maʻi maʻi mai Ebola a i COVID-19.

ʻO ia ke kumu kūpono loa ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi i nā ʻōnaehana olakino: ʻo ia ke kumu no ka pane ʻana i ka maʻi ulia pōpilikia. ʻAʻole paha mākou i ʻike i ka pathogen kikoʻī e alakaʻi ai i kahi maʻi maʻi honua hoʻokahi i ka wā hoʻokahi, akā ʻo nā mea hana e hoʻopau ai i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi like loa me ka polio a i ʻole ka malaria a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe: ka hoʻāʻo ākea a, inā hiki, ka lapaʻau wikiwiki a maikaʻi a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ola.

Hoʻokomo kālā i nā Kaiāulu

ʻO kekahi o nā hana maikaʻi loa a mākou e ʻimi nei ua hana ʻia ma kahi pae hyperlocal, i alakaʻi ʻia e nā alakaʻi i hana lōʻihi a paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi o ko lākou kaiāulu - kahi mea hiki ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia i ka pō a i ʻole i waena o kahi pilikia.

He mea maʻamau nā "hui kōkua pilikino" a nā wahine ma India a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAsia Hema a me Hema Hikina. No nā makahiki, ke hoʻopukapuka kālā nei ke aupuni India a me nā hoa pili honua i kēia mau hui liʻiliʻi o nā wahine e ʻohi kālā a hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino, hoʻonaʻauao, a me nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mau kauhale.

I ka hōʻea ʻana o COVID-19 i Bihar, India, ka home i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 miliona mau kānaka, ua hoʻokumu kekahi hui kōkua pilikino kūloko i ka hilinaʻi me ko lākou mau hoalauna ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai a me ka mālama olakino home i ka poʻe i hāʻule i ka maʻi mai COVID-19. I ka mākaukau ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ko lākou kaiāulu, ua lilo kēia mau wahine i kumu no ka ʻike a me ke alakaʻi ʻana no kēlā mau hoalauna e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka palekana o ke kano. Ua hoʻomaopopo ke aupuni Bihar i ka hana i hana ʻia ma ka pae kaiāulu a hoʻolaha i ka lā Malaki 8—International Women's Day—he lā e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā wahine ma ka mokuʻāina. Ma kahi kokoke i 175,000 wahine i lawe i ka maʻi mua o ke kano i kēlā pule. Ke kūkulu nei ma luna o kēlā kūleʻa, ke hana hou nei ke aupuni o Bihar i ka papahana, alakaʻi ʻia e nā wahine o ka hui kōkua ponoʻī.

A ma Senegal, he kī nui ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kaiāulu i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā kano ʻē aʻe.

ʻO Senegal kekahi o nā moʻolelo kūleʻa o ka uhi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻamau: Ma mua o ka maʻi maʻi, ua pale ʻia nā keiki i ka maʻi diphtheria, tetanus, a me ka pertussis e like me nā keiki ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Akā i ka hiki ʻana mai o COVID-19, ʻo ka makaʻu i ka maʻi a me ka kuhi hewa i hōʻemi nui i ka noi no kēia mau kano.