- ʻO ka moku ʻo Bordeaux ka moku hua waina nui loa ma Palani a loaʻa nā ʻeka waina he 280,000 a me 60 Appellations dʻOrigine Controlees (AOCs).
- Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i ka waina ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema o Palani i ka hōʻea ʻana o ko Roma (manaʻo i ke kenekulia mua).
- ʻOiai mahalo ʻia ka wahi no kāna mau ʻulaʻula, he mea hoihoi ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa hou ʻana o kēia kaulana.
ʻO ka nui o nā hale inu waina
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, makemake ʻia ka moku ʻo Bordeaux no kāna (waina hapanui) mau waina keʻokeʻo me nā mea inu waina e hāʻawi ana i 80% o kā lākou māla waina i Sauternes, Barsac, Bordeaux Blanc a me nā lua kupapaʻu.
ʻAʻole ia a hiki i ka makahiki 1700 e hoʻomaka ka waina ʻulaʻula mai Bordeaux hoihoi i ka mākeke a ʻapo nā mea aloha waina ʻEnelani i nā waina ʻulaʻula Bordeaux mai Graves a kapa ʻia ʻo Claret (klairette). I ka manawa i ʻike ai ka poʻe hana ʻona i ka uptick i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā waina ʻulaʻula, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻololi mai keʻokeʻo a i ka hana ʻana i ka waina ʻulaʻula. Ua lilo ka loli i kūlana i ka 1855 Classification i kuhikuhi i nā mea hana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻāina, e koho ana iā lākou i ka 1-5. ʻAʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike (koe wale nō) ʻoiai he nui nā waina ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka kaulana o ka wahi no ka hana ʻana i ka waina, e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ʻāpana o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka 6100 chateaux nona a me nā mea mahiʻai ʻē aʻe e hana i 650 mau ʻōmole waina (2019). ʻO ka waina kahiko 2019 he 85.2 pakeneka ʻulaʻula; Ua piʻi aʻe ka 4.4 pakeneka; 9.2 pakeneka keʻokeʻo maloʻo, a 1.2 pakeneka keʻokeʻo momona.
ʻO Bordeaux ka mea hana nui ma viticulture a me ka ʻoihana ʻona, e hāʻawi ana ma luna o 55,000 mau hana pololei a pololei ʻole. ʻEkolu o nā ʻāina mahiʻai ʻehā ma ka ʻāina e ulu i nā kumu waina a i ka huina he 4 ka poʻe hana ʻona e hana ana i ka waina AOC. ʻO kēia 5,6000 pākēneka nā ʻoihana ʻohana, me ka awelika nui o 56ha me nā māla waina nui ma Entre deux Mers a me ka Medoc. Kuhi ʻia he 19.6 pākēneka o ka māla waina holoʻokoʻa o Bordeaux no nā ʻāina i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau (winescholarguild.org).
I ka ʻāina, kūʻai pinepine nā mea chateaux i kā lākou hua waina ma o ka negociant e hana ma ke ʻano he kanaka waena ma ke kūʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻāpana o nā hua waina a kūʻai aku / hāʻawi i ka waina i hopena. No ka waina i hana ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Bordeaux, kūʻai ʻia he 58 pākēneka ma waena o Palani me nā koena e 43 i lawe ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole ʻO Politics. Palapala honua: hema, akau, waena
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Bordeaux e ka lua wai Gironde i loko o kahi Bank hema, Bank Kākau a me Entre-Deux-Mer (kahi ma waena o ka Puʻu ʻo Gironde a me ka muliwai ʻo Dordogne).
Panakō hema. Loaʻa nā mea aloha i ka waina iā Medoc, Graves a me Sauternais (nā terroirs maikaʻi loa - hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻiliʻili)
• Medoc hiʻona Cabernet Sauvignon; ulu nā hua waina i ka huikau o ka lepo pālolo a me nā ʻūlili gravel alluvial.
• Nānā nā lua kupapaʻu iā Cabernet Sauvignon; lepo ʻiliʻili ma muli o ka hana glacial mōʻaukala.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona Sauternais ʻo Sauternes (nā waina keʻokeʻo momona); ka lepo ʻiliʻili ikaika e hiki ai ke kahe, e pale ana i nā hua waina mai ka nui o ka wai.
Panakō Pono. ʻIke nā mea aloha i ka waina iā Libournais, Balye a me Bourg (nā ʻāina i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka pālolo a me ka limestone)
• Libournais hiʻona Saint-Emilion, Montagne, Pomerol, Fronsac, Cotes de Castillon; ka hapa nui o ka pōhaku kēpau, ke one a me ka lepo pālolo siliceous.
• ʻO Balye nā hiʻohiʻona Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon a me Cabernet Franc; ʻo ka hapa nui o ka pālolo ma luna o ka lepo limestone.
• Hōʻike ʻo Bourg iā Malbec, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle, a me Semillon a me Colombard a me Ungi; ke one, ka pālolo, ka ʻiliʻili a me ka lepo pālolo.
Entre-Deux-Mers (ʻo nā waina keʻokeʻo wale nō e lawe i ka hoʻopiʻi AOC); Cadillac, Loupiac, Sainte-Croix-du Mont
• Cadillac (ʻike ʻia no kāna mau waina keʻokeʻo botrytized momona) hiʻohiʻona Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc a me Sauvignon Gris; lepo chalky a me nā ʻiliʻili.
• Loupiac hiʻohiʻona Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle a me Sauvignon Gris; pālolo, lepo pālolo i haku ʻia i nā ʻiliʻili a me ka pālolo.
• Hōʻike ʻo Sante-Croix-du Mont iā Semillon, Muscadelle, a me Sauvignon; pālolo, lepo pālolo.
Hana ʻia nā waina keʻokeʻo Bordeaux me Sauvignon Blanc a me Semillon a kaulana e like me ke ola a me ka hou (Entre-Deux-Mers) i nā palupalu a me nā citrus (Pessac-Leognan).
ʻO nā waina ʻulaʻula mai Bordeaux a maʻamau i piha i ke kino me ke ʻala o nā currants ʻeleʻele, nā plum a me ka honua a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili pulu. Ma ka pā, ʻo ka ʻono o ka ʻono me ka minerality, hua a me nā mea ʻala, e hāʻawi ana i nā tannins (maikaʻi no ka ʻelemakule).
Hoʻohui pinepine ka Bordeaux ʻulaʻula me nā lepili e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka waina ma mua o ka hui ʻana i nā hua waina. ʻO nā ʻano keʻokeʻo he 100 keneta o ke kumu waina i kanu ʻia, me 5 pakeneka ʻo Sauvignon Blanc a me Semillon me hoʻokahi pākēneka Muscadelle a me nā keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe.
No nā kumu waina i kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāina, 89 pākēneka nā ʻano ʻulaʻula, 59 pākēneka Merlot, 19 pākēneka Cabernet Sauvignon, 8 pākēneka Cabernet Franc a me nā pākēneka hope ʻelua me Petit Verdot, Malbec a me Carmenere.
ʻO ke anilā paha
Hauʻoli nā kumu waina Bordeaux i nā kauwela lōʻihi, mehana, kahi puna wai a hāʻule, a ukali ʻia e nā hoʻoilo anu. ʻO La Foret des Landes, kahi ululāʻau nui o nā lāʻau paina, pale aku i ka moku ʻo Bordeaux mai nā ʻano kai eʻe o ka Moana ʻAkelanika. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻololi nei ke aniau i ka ʻāina a me nā hopena. ʻO ka Institut National de lʻorigine et de la Qualite (INAO), kahi mahele o ke Kuhina mahiʻai o Farani, i hala he mau makahiki he ʻumi e noiʻi ana i ka huliau. Manaʻo nui nā ʻepekema waina a me nā mea ulu ma Bordeaux i ka hopena o ka hoʻomehana honua a ʻae ʻia nā ʻano hou i kūpono kūpono e hōʻemi i ka hydric stress e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a me nā pōkole e ulu ana.
I ka mahina ʻo Iune, 2019, ua ʻae nā hui ʻo Bordeaux a me Bordeaux Superieur i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ʻehiku mau maʻi hou a me nā ʻano ʻulu i kū i ka wela a ʻo kēia ka mea i hoʻololi mua ʻia i nā ʻano 13 o ka ʻāina mai 1935. ʻO nā ʻano ʻehiku i ʻāpono ʻia me nā ʻulaʻula (Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Castets, Arinarnoa), a me keʻokeʻo (Alvarinho, a me Lilorila) me nā mea kanu mua o nā ʻano hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kēia makahiki. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻano hou i 5 pākēneka o ka māla waina i kanu ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 pākēneka o ka hui hope loa o nā kala i hāʻawi ʻia.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Bordeaux i kekahi mau hana enological a me nā mahiʻai e hana i ka loli me ke komo ʻana: ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa i nā pono o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana waina - hoʻolohi lohi ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ke kumu kumu waina e hoʻemi i ka lau lau; ka palena ʻana i ka lahilahi ʻana i ka lau e pale ai i nā hua waina mai ka lā mai; hoʻololi i nā pūnaewele ipu e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke koʻikoʻi hydric (paʻa mau a i ʻole kekahi manawa i ka wai e hopena ai i ke ʻano anaerobic); ʻohiʻohi ʻana i ka pō a hoʻēmi i ka nui o nā mea kanu.
Loaʻa
Ma mua o 65 pākēneka o nā māla Bordeaux i hōʻoia ʻia i ke kaiapuni (kahi pāhau hou no ia wahi). Alakaʻi ʻo Bordeaux i nā AOP Palani āpau i ka leo o ka High Environmental Value (HVE) palapala hōʻoia no kā lākou hale inu waina, ua hōʻea i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻoia hoʻomau mau ma Palani a me ka 30 pākēneka hoʻonui i ka mahiʻai meaola.
Hāʻawi ka Winemakers ma Bordeaux i kahi hihiʻo a me ka hoʻokō e kamaʻilio kūpono i ka hoʻololi i ke aniau e ka mālama ʻana i ka wai wai a me ka ikehu. ka pale ʻana i nā kaiaolaola palupalu; a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea olaola mai nā hana o ka māla maikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻokō i ka hoʻomau ʻana me ka nānā i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana o ka limahana, ka hōʻoluʻolu hana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala / hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā hanauna o kēia wā a me nā wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO Chateau Waina koʻikoʻi ma Bordeaux
Domaines Barons de Rothschild (Lafite) Les Legendes Hana i nā waina maikaʻi maikaʻi
ʻO nā mōʻaukala waina o Lafite a me Latour i hala nā kenekulia. ʻO ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Lafite mai ka kenekulia 13th (1234) ke Gombaud de Lafite, kahi ʻāpana o ka Monastery Vertheuil (ʻākau o Pauillac) i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻO ka inoa ʻo Lafite mai ka ʻōlelo Gascon huaʻōlelo "la hite" a i ʻole hillock.
Ua manaʻo ʻia aia nā māla waina i ka waiwai i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho ai ka ʻohana Segur i ka māla waina i ka 17th kenekulia a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lafite e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale inu waina nui. I ka 18th kenekulia ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lafite e ʻimi i ka mākeke ʻo Lākana a ua kaulana ʻia ma ka London Gazette (1707) e wehewehe nei i ka waina e like me nā ʻōlelo hou a French New. Ua kūʻai ʻo Robert Walpole, ke Kuhina Nui, i kahi barela o Lafite i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mahina. ʻAʻole i hoʻomaka ka hoihoi Palani i nā waina o Bordeaux a hala nā makahiki he nui ma hope o ka ukali o nā Brits.
Ma loko o ka kenekulia 18 kenekulia ʻo Marquis Nicolas Alexandre de Segur i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana hana winemaking a hoʻonui i ka hanohano o nā waina maikaʻi ma nā mākeke ʻē a ma ke Keʻena ʻo Versailles. Kaulana ʻia ʻo "Ke Aliʻi Waina," ua lilo ʻo Lafite i The Kings Wine me ke kākoʻo o kahi ʻelele mākaukau, ʻo Marechal de Richelieu. I ka manawa i koho ʻia ai ʻo Richelieu i kiaʻāina no Guyenne, ua kūkākūkā ʻo ia i kahi kauka Bordeaux nāna i ʻōlelo iā ia ʻo Chateau Lafite, "ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi o nā tonika āpau." I ko Richeliu hoʻi ʻana i Palisa, ua haʻi aku ʻo Louis XV iā ia, "Marechal, ke nānā aku nei ʻoe he iwakāluakūmālima mau makahiki ou i kou wā i haʻalele ai no Guyenne." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Richeliu ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka Punawai o nā ʻōpio me ka waina a Chateau Lafite ʻoiai, "ʻono, lokomaikaʻi, lokomaikaʻi, e like me ka ambrosia o nā Akua o ʻOlopa."
He hoʻolaha maikaʻi loa ʻo Lafite ma Versailles a ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻae a ka Mōʻī. Makemake nā kānaka āpau i nā waina Lafite a hāʻawi ʻo Madame de Pompadour iā ia me kāna mau pāʻina ʻaina a ua lawelawe ʻo Madame du Barry i ka Waina Aliʻi wale nō.
Loaʻa nā waina Bordeaux i mālama ʻia o aristocracy Farani (Domaines Barons de Rothschild / Lafite) iā mākou ma o ka inoa Legende.
1. ʻO Legende Medoc 2018. 50 pakeneka Merlot, 40 pakeneka Cabernet Sauvignon, 10 pakeneka Petit Verdot. ʻElemakule hapa makahiki i ka ʻoka no 8 mau mahina e hāʻawi nei i nā leka o vanilla a me nā smoky undertones.
Hauʻoli ka maka me ka hue ʻulaʻula ikaika ʻoiai ka leʻaleʻa o ka ihu me ka ʻaʻa wiwo ʻole o ka mea ʻala, nā hua ʻulaʻula, kahi hui o nā mea ʻono, ʻawaʻawa, paʻakai a me kawa (noʻonoʻo licorice), hoʻonui ʻia e nā memo o ka mocha a me ka ʻalalā mai ka ʻelemakule barela . Noho ka ʻono ma ka leʻo e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻike i wikiwiki a me nā mea ʻono e lawe ana i ka hou i ka hopena. Hoʻohui me ka pipi, hipa, ʻona, a me nā moa.
2. ʻO Legende R Pauillac 2017. 70 pakeneka Cabernet Sauvignon, 30 pakeneka Merlot. Kanaono pākēneka ʻelemakule i ka ʻoka Palani no 12 mau mahina.
ʻO ka manaʻo mua o kēia waina poni hohonu me nā kihi ʻeleʻele e ʻōlelo ia he sophisticated a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻIke ka ihu i kahi puaʻa maikaʻi o ka mea ʻala, kālapa raspberry, vanilla a me ka flint hauʻoli hui pū. Hilinaʻi iā ia iho ma ka pā, hāʻawi ia i nā hua o nā hua ʻeleʻele, ka niu, a me ka vanilla me nā tannins i uhi ʻia. He waina piha kino kēia a hana i kahi ʻōlelo wiwo ʻole. Hoʻohui pū me ka steak pipi, kohu, nā paʻi waiū makua e like me Comte a me Saint Netaire.
3. Legende Saint-Emilion 2016. 95 pakeneka Merlot, 5 pakeneka Cabernet Franc (mai Libourne subregion). Kanaha pākēneka mau makahiki i nā barela ʻoka Palani.
ʻO ka nānā mua loa i kēia waina e hōʻike ana i kahi hue ʻulaʻula cherry ʻeleʻele. Hauʻoli ka ihu ke loaʻa ka licorice, nā plum, nā cherry, nā lāʻau a me nā paka. Hāʻawi ʻia ka pāleo me nā manaʻo o ka mocha, nā mea kanu, nā koloka, nā mea ʻala, nā lāʻau kahiko a me kahi ʻano tannin waiwai. Hoʻohui me ka pālule a i ʻole ka pāʻani terrine a me ka quince jelly, poʻohiwi o ke keiki hipa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ka rosemary a i ʻole thyme, pizza a me pasta napolitana a i ʻole lasagna.
4. ʻO Legende R Bordeaux Rouge 2018. 60 pakeneka Cabernet Sauvignon, 40 pakeneka Merlot.
9 mau makahiki i loko o nā ipu paʻa a 60 pākēneka o ka hui hope loa i ʻelemakule i nā pahu.
ʻO ka ʻulaʻula i ka maka me ka hua ʻulaʻula a me nā blackberry, licorice a me nā mea ʻono e hoʻowalewale ana i ka ihu, keu hoʻi e like me ke ʻala o ka mocha a me ka toast mai ka pahu ʻelemakule e kani ai i ka ʻike. Hou a hua i ka pā, ʻo ka hopena he hua momona. Hoʻohui me risotto me ka meaʻai kālua, pasta Bolognese, ham a me ka salami.
5. ʻO Legende R Bordeaux Blanc 2020. 70 pākēneka Sauvignon Blanc, 30 pākēneka Semillon.
Hauʻoli ka maka i ka palest o ka melemele gula me nā aniani o ka mauʻu. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ihu i nā manaʻo o ka hua pālolo a me nā kuhi o ka mineral. Hoʻowalewale ʻia ka palate e nā ʻono puni a piha i ke kino e hiki ai i kahi hopena citrus ola. Hoʻohui pū me nā iʻa kai, nā ʻōtio maka, nā mea a pau me ka hua Bearnaise a me kahi saladi ʻōmaʻomaʻo (ʻaʻahu ʻole ka vīnega).
© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
