Nānā kokoke nā kuhina i ka hoʻoweliweli hau o Antarctic

Troll Research Station, Antarctica - Ua pae mai kahi hui paka o nā kuhina kaiapuni ma kēia kihi mamao o ka ʻāina hau i ka Pōʻakahi, i nā lā hope loa o kahi kau ikaika o ka noiʻi ʻana i ke aniau, e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o Antarctica e hoʻoweliweli i ka honua. .

ʻO nā ʻelele mai nā ʻāina ʻoi aku he ʻumikūmālua, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kina, Beretania a me Rūsia, e hui pū i kahi keʻena noiʻi Norewai me nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika a me Norewai e hele mai ana ma ka wāwae hope o kahi 1,400-mile (2,300-kilomita), ʻelua- mahina hele ma luna o ka hau mai ka Pole Hema.

E loaʻa i nā malihini ka "ʻike lima o ka nui nui o ka ʻāina Antarctic a me kāna kuleana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau honua," wahi a ka mea hoʻonohonoho o ka misionari, ʻo Norway's Environment Ministry.

E aʻo pū lākou e pili ana i nā mea kānalua nui e hoʻopilikia nei i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia ʻāina hema loa a me kona loulou i ka hoʻomehana honua: ʻEhia ka nui o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o Antarctica? Ehia ka nui o ka hau e hehee ana i ke kai? Pehea ke kiʻekiʻe e piʻi ai ka ʻilikai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa?

ʻAʻole paʻakikī nā pane no laila ua kāpae ka Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), kahi ʻenehana ʻepekema UN i lanakila i ka makana no ka Nobel, i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana mai ka polar ice sheets mai ka helu ʻana i kāna loiloi mana 2007 o ka hoʻomehana honua.

Ua wānana ka IPCC e piʻi ka moana i 23 ʻīniha (0.59 mika) i kēia kenekulia, mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hau, inā he mea liʻiliʻi ka honua e hoʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka carbon dioxide a me nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua ʻē aʻe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka lewa.

Akā, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ka UN panel i ka Antarctica a me Greenland, no ka mea, ʻaʻole maopopo i ka pilina o ka lewa a me ka moana me kā lākou mau hale hau hau - ʻo Antarctica he 90 pakeneka o ka hau o ka honua. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka West Antarctic ice sheet, ʻo kekahi o nā glacier waho e ninini wikiwiki ana i ka hau i ke kai, "hiki ke lilo i wahi pōʻino loa i kēia kenekulia," wahi a kahi loea kiʻekiʻe US, ʻo James Hansen o NASA.

"Aia ka hiki ke piʻi i ka ʻilikai he mau mika," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Hansen i ka Associated Press i ka pule i hala. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona he "weliweli," wahi a ka mea ʻepekema nui o ka IPCC, ʻo Rajendra Pachauri, i hui pū me nā kuhina ma Cape Town ma mua o ko lākou holo ʻana i ʻeiwa mau hola mai ʻApelika Hema.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pane he kī nui ia i ka 2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY), kahi hui ʻana o 10,000 ʻepekema a me 40,000 ʻē aʻe mai nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 e hana ana i ka noiʻi ikaika ʻo Arctic a me Antarctic i nā kau wela hema ʻelua i hala - ma ka hau, ma ke kai, ma o ka hau hau, submarine a me ka ukali ukali.

ʻO ka 12-lālā ʻo Norwegian-American Scientific Traverse o East Antarctica - ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi "hoʻi i ka home" i Troll - ʻo ia kekahi mea nui o ia hana, me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā cores hohonu i loko o nā papa hau hau ma kēia wahi ʻimi liʻiliʻi, e hoʻoholo ai. pehea ka nui o ka hau i hāʻule i ka mōʻaukala a me kona haku ʻana.

E hui pū ʻia kēlā mau hana me kahi papahana IPY ʻē aʻe, he hana holoʻokoʻa e palapala ʻia e ka radar satellite i nā "wikiwiki" o nā papa hau Antarctic āpau i nā kau wela ʻelua i hala, e nānā i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana o ka hau i loko o ke kai a puni.

A laila hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka "pauna nui" - pehea ka nui o ka hau, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka moana, e hoʻopau ana i ka hau e ninini ana i kai.

"ʻAʻole mākou maopopo i ka hana a ka East Antarctic ice sheet," i wehewehe ʻo David Carlson, ka luna IPY, i ka pule i hala mai nā keʻena o ka papahana ma Cambridge, ʻEnelani. “Me he mea lā e kahe wikiwiki ana. No laila, ua kūlike kēlā me ka hōʻiliʻili? He mea koʻikoʻi ka mea a lākou e hoʻi mai ai i ke kaʻina hana. "

ʻO nā kuhina kaiapuni kipa ʻo Algeria, Pelekane, Congo, Czech Republic, Finland, Norewai a me Suedena. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻomohala kulekele a me nā mea kūkākūkā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Xie Zhenhua o Kina a me Dan Reifsnyder, he hope kōkua kākau ʻōlelo mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika.

I ko lākou lā lōʻihi ma lalo o ka 17 hola o ka lā o ke kauwela hema, i ka wā e hāʻule mau ana ka mahana a kokoke i ka zero Fahrenheit (-20 degere Celsius), ua lawe ka poʻe kipa ʻākau i nā hiʻohiʻona weliweli o Queen Maud Land, kahi papa hau hau mauna. 3,000 mile (5,000 kilomita) ma ke komohana hema o ʻApelika Hema, a kaʻahele i ka hale ʻimi noiʻi Troll ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o Norewai, i hoʻonui ʻia i nā hana a puni ka makahiki ma 2005.

Ua hui pū ʻia ka politika o ke aniau me ka ʻepekema. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Cape Town i ʻelua mau lā i ka wā i hoʻopau ai ka makani Antarctic i kahi lele i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka hopena pule, ua hoʻokipa ʻia nā kuhina i ka ʻaina awakea a me ka ʻaina ahiahi e nā hoa Scandinavian e makemake ana i ka hana wikiwiki i kahi ʻaelike honua hou e kūleʻa i ka Kyoto Protocol, ka ʻaelike e hōʻemi i nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua. e pau ana i ka makahiki 2012.

Ua hoʻohiki ke aupuni hou o ka Pelekikena Barack Obama i ka hana ma hope o nā makahiki o ko ʻAmelika kūʻē ʻana i ke kaʻina hana Kyoto. Akā ʻo ka paʻakikī o nā pilikia a me ka manawa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Copenhagen i Dekemaba, ka lā i manaʻo ʻia no kahi kuʻikahi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena e like me ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā glaciers o Antarctica a me nā papa hau o waho.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā noiʻi ma mua, wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, me nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻomehana a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā au o ka Moana Hema e kani ana i Antarctica. "Pono mākou e hoʻokomo i nā kumuwaiwai hou aʻe," wahi a Carlson o IPY.

Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema haʻi ʻōlelo ʻoi aku ka pono o ka hana politika.

"ʻAʻole mākou ma waho o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pulupulu ke hoʻomaka mākou i kēlā kaʻina hana," wahi a Hansen no kahi hoʻoheheʻe Antarctic. "No ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻōki ai."