I ka wā i hele ai ʻo Coney Island mai kahi hoʻokipa one ma Brooklyn a i ke kahua pāʻani kahakai nui loa o ke kūlanakauhale i nā makahiki 1880, ua puka mai nā ʻano mea hoihoi. Aia nā keʻena pia, nā roller coasters, i kapa ʻia ʻo "freak shows" a me kahi hale nani hoʻokahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Elephantine Colossus. Ua kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1884 e James V. Lafferty (1856-1898) nāna i manaʻo ʻo ka hana hoʻolālā nui e hiki mai ana ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hale i ke ʻano o nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā iʻa. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālua ma mua o ke ahi ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ka hōkele jumbo-size ma Brooklyn ʻo ka Colossus of Architecture a me ka Elephantine Colossus. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻatikala Brooklyn Eagle i ka makahiki 1924 i nā ana he 175 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe a he 203 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi.
Wahi a “Brooklyn… and How It Got That Way” na David W. McCullough (1983), he 31 lumi hookipa o ka hale a ua hanaia me ka laau me ka pahu tini. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻōniu ʻōniʻoniʻo lōʻihi a me kahi howdah nui loa.
Ua kākau ʻo David McCullough,
"No ke kiʻi ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi ma ka howdah, ua komo nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wāwae hope i hōʻailona ʻia ʻo Entrance a hoʻopau i kahi lele o nā alapiʻi. ʻO kekahi wāwae hope - he 60 kapuaʻi a puni - ʻo ia ka puka, a ʻo kekahi o nā wāwae mua he hale kūʻai paka. I ka pō, ua ʻālohilohi nā kukui mai nā maka ʻehā kapuaʻi.
He ʻumi mau makahiki ma mua, ua kūkulu ʻo Lafferty, he 25 makahiki, i ka Pipi Pahu ʻole ma West Brighton. Hāʻawi kēia kū kaulana i nā mea inu, mai ka waiū a i ka champagne, no nā ʻāʻī malihini kipa Coney. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Lafferty i kāna manaʻo Elepani i kekahi mau makahiki kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Atlantika me kahi hale liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Lucy ka Elepani. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻo Lafferty e ka waiwai o kona ʻohana a ua alakaʻi ʻia e ka hihiʻo no kahi ʻano hoʻolaha waiwai hou e hoʻowalewale i nā manaʻo i ka neoneo o nā puʻu one kahi āna i manaʻo ai e kūʻai aku i nā ʻāpana no nā hale hoʻomaha.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Atlantika i kēlā manawa e ulu wikiwiki ana i kahi metropolis hoʻomaha Victorian e pili ana i ka Absecon Lighthouse, ka ʻāina ʻo ia ka hōʻailona o ke kahakai kahakai. Ua makemake ʻo Lafferty e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻāina like ʻole a me ka manaʻo o kahi no kāna kūkulu hou ʻana ma "South Atlantic City." No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu a me ka paʻi ʻana, ua koho ʻo ia i ka manaʻo weliweli: kahi hale i ʻano like me ka holoholona nunui. I mea e mahalo nui ai i ka hana a Lafferty, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka makahiki 1880, ʻaʻole i lohe ʻia ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale e like me ka holoholona e like me nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻenehana o ka wā ʻoihana wikiwiki i hana i nā hana hoʻolālā paʻakikī.
I ka makahiki 1881, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Lafferty i kahi mea kākau kiʻi e hoʻolālā i kahi hale i ke ʻano o ka elepani mai ka ʻāina exotic o ka British Raj i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia i loko o nā nūpepa huakaʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻia. I ka manawa like me ka mālama ʻana i kahi loio patent, ʻimi pū ʻo Lafferty e pale aku i kekahi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale ʻano holoholona ke ʻole lākou e uku iā ia i nā aliʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia e ka US Patent Office examiners ʻo Lafferty's he moʻolelo, he manaʻo hou a koʻikoʻi ʻenehana. I ka makahiki 1882, hāʻawi lākou iā ia i kahi palapala hōʻailona e hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana kūʻokoʻa e hana, hoʻohana a kūʻai aku paha i nā hale like ʻole holoholona no nā makahiki he ʻumikumamāhiku.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kiʻi kiʻi ma mua o ke kamana, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana iā Lucy ka hana lima ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻāpana lāʻau e hana i nā kākoʻo ukana i koi ʻia no kahi hale 90-ton me kahi kīwaha o ka pahu hammered. ʻO ka hale Elepani kupaianaha, ka mea i hoʻopuka i ka hoʻolaha aupuni a Lafferty i manaʻolana ai, ʻo ia ka mea mua o ʻekolu āna i kūkulu ai. ʻO ka hale nui nui loa—he ʻumikūmālua-pālua ka nui o Lucy—i kapa ʻia ʻo "Elephantine Colossus" i kūkulu ʻia i waenakonu o ka mokupuni ʻo Coney, New York, ka pā leʻaleʻa. ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻelepani Lafferty, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o Lucy, ʻo ia ka "Malamalama o Asia," i kūkulu ʻia ma ke ʻano he kikowaena o kekahi papahana kūʻai ʻāina ʻo Lafferty ma South Cape May. Ma hope mai, ua puhiʻia ka Colossus, ka mea i loaʻa i ke ahi i ka lā 27 o Kepakemapa, 1896 a ua hoʻohioloʻia ka Light of Asia, a waiho iā Lucy ka mea i koe.
Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1880, ʻoiai ke huki nei nā hale ʻelepani i ka lehulehu o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi makaʻu, ua nalowale ke kālā o nā ʻoihana waiwai ʻoi loa a Lafferty. Ua kūʻai ʻia aku ʻo Lucy a me kāna mau ʻāina ʻo Absecon Island iā John lāua ʻo Sophie Gertzer, nāna i hana i ka hale ʻelepani ma ke ʻano he wahi mākaʻikaʻi, hōkele liʻiliʻi, hale kahakai kahakai, hale hoʻokamakama a me ka hale ʻaina. I kēia manawa, ua ulu aʻe ʻo "South Atlantic City" i kahi kaiāulu kahakai i hoʻololi i kona inoa iā Margate. I ka makahiki 1920, ua koi ʻia ʻo Lucy the Elephant tavern e pani ʻia e ke ala o ka Prohibition. I ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai kēlā kānāwai i ka makahiki 1933, ua lilo koke ʻo ia i pā. I ka makahiki 1950, i ka puka ʻana mai o kahi ʻAmelika hou mai ke Kaua Honua II e kūkulu i nā pūnaewele o nā alaloa nui a lawe i nā mokulele ma ke ʻano he ala hou loa e hele ai i nā wahi hoʻomaha exotic, ua nalowale ʻo Lucy mai ka nānā ʻana o ka lehulehu a hāʻule i ka pōʻino. Ma ka makahiki 1960, he pōʻino palekana lehulehu ʻo ia i manaʻo ʻia e wāwahi ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1969, ma mua o ka pōleʻa o ka mea luku, ua hoʻomaka ka "Save Lucy Committee" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Margate Civic Association i ʻelua mau makahiki o nā hakakā lehulehu i neʻe aku ai iā Lucy i ka ʻāina kahakai nona ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻihoʻi i ka hale kūʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he kahua mōʻaukala a me nā mea mākaʻikaʻi. . Mai ka makahiki 1973, ua lawa ke kālā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaʻa "Save Lucy" e hoʻihoʻi i ka kūpaʻa a me waho o ka 90-ton wood-and-tin pachyderm. Akā, ke hoʻomau nei ke kaua ʻohi kālā i kēia lā i ka hana ʻana o ka hui e hōʻiliʻili i ke kālā hou i koi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā kumukūʻai pau ʻole o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻōpala, ka pala a me ka uila ʻana i ka holoholona lāʻau nui.
ʻO ka mea kākau, ʻo Stanley Turkel, kahi mana a me ke kākā'ōlelo i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻoihana hōkele. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona hōkele, hoʻokipa a me ka hana aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo loea i ka hoʻokele waiwai, nā loiloi hana a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻaelike franchise hotel a me nā kuleana kākoʻo litigation. ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku nā mea hōkele, nā mea hoʻopukapuka a me nā ʻoihana hōʻaiʻē. ʻO kāna mau puke e pili pū ana: Nā Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui: Nā Paionia o ka ʻOhana Hotel (2009), Kūkulu ʻia E Noho Hou: 100+ Mau Hōkele Makahiki Ma NūIoka (2011), Kūkulu ʻia E Noho Hou: 100+ Mau Hōkele Makahiki Ma ka Hikina o ka Misisipi (2013 ), Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt and Oscar of the Waldorf (2014), Great American Hoteliers Volume 2: Pioneers of the Hotel Industry (2016), a me kāna puke hou loa, Built To Last: 100+ Makahiki -Old Hotels West o ka Misisipi (2017) - i loaʻa ma ka hōʻano paʻa, paperback, a me ka puke Ebook - kahi a Ian Schrager i kākau ai i ka ʻōlelo mua: "Hoʻopau kēia puke kikoʻī i ke kolamu o 182 mau moʻolelo hōkele o nā waiwai kahiko he 50 mau lumi a ʻoi paha ... Manaʻo maoli wau e pono i kēlā me kēia kula hōkele ke hoʻonohonoho i kēia mau puke a koi iā lākou e heluhelu no kā lākou mau haumāna a me nā limahana. "
Hiki ke kauoha ʻia nā puke a ka mea kākau mai ka AuthorHouse e ke kaomi maʻaneʻi.
He aha e lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻatikala:
- To fully appreciate Lafferty's feat, it's important to understand that in the 1880s, the idea of erecting a structure shaped like an animal was unheard of even as the new engineering techniques and technologies of a quickening industrial age made such complicated architectural projects theoretically possible.
- In 1881, Lafferty retained an architect to design a building in the shape of an elephant from the exotic land of the British Raj celebrated in the period's illustrated adventure magazines.
- Lafferty was backed by his family's wealth and driven by a vision for a new kind of real estate promotion that would lure prospects to the desolate stretch of sand dunes where he hoped to sell plots for vacation cottages.
