Kūʻai paʻakikī: ʻO ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi iā Afghanistan

Manaʻo ʻo Sanjeev Gupta e pili ana i ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Afghanistan i kahi ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi ma kahi kihi maluhia o ka ʻāina.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gupta, he luna papahana ʻāpana no ka hui nongovernmental, ʻo ka Aga Khan Foundation, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke kipa ʻia kekahi mau wahi, palekana ʻo Bamiyan ma waena o Afghanistan a he nui nā waiwai moʻomeheu, mōʻaukala a me nā waiwai kūlohelohe e hoʻowalewale i nā huakaʻi honua.

"He nui nā mākaʻikaʻi o Bamiyan," wahi a Gupta. "Pono mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻike o Afghanistan. ʻAʻole pilikia ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka Aga Khan Foundation, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Geneva, ua hoʻokumu i ka Bamiyan Ecotourism Project e hoʻomohala i nā ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi, nā alakaʻi alakaʻi, nā mea kuke a me nā mea hale hōkele, a hoʻonui i ka ʻike i nā wahi kūlohelohe o ka ʻāina. He $1 miliona, ʻekolu makahiki papahana.

Paʻakikī kūʻai
Ua ʻae ʻo Gupta i ka hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi he hana koʻikoʻi ʻoiai ma kahi ʻāina palekana e like me Bamiyan.

Mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Soviet i ka makahiki 1979 a me ʻekolu mau makahiki o ke kaua, ua hele liʻiliʻi nā mākaʻikaʻi i Afghanistan. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā aupuni ʻē aʻe o ke Komohana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo huakaʻi e hōʻemi ikaika ana i ka huakaʻi hele ʻole i Afghanistan. A ʻaʻohe mokulele kalepa. Pono ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e huakaʻi i ka huakaʻi 150-mile, 10-hola mai Kabul ma ke ala lepo e piʻi nui ana i nā mauna Koh-i-Baba i paʻa i ka hau ma mua o ka iho ʻana i lalo i ke awāwa ʻo Bamiyan Valley. Hoʻomalu ʻia ke ala ʻē aʻe e ka Taliban, ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi hoʻouka kaua alakaʻi ʻia e US ma 2001.

Akā ʻike ʻo Gupta i kahi hoʻolālā lōʻihi. "ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomaka ana mākou i ka papahana i kēia lā a i ka lā ʻapōpō e hele mai ana ka lehulehu o nā mākaʻikaʻi," wahi āna. "Akā, kūkulu ia i kumu."

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he moʻolelo kūleʻa ʻo Bamiyan i ka wā post-Taliban.

Me ka ʻole o ka opium poppies, ua hāhā nā māla o Bamiyan me nā mea kanu ʻuala. He nui nā kula i kūkulu ʻia, me nā kaikamahine he 45 pakeneka o nā haumāna panalāʻau, mai ka aneane ʻole i ka makahiki 2001 ma lalo o ka Taliban fundamentalist. Ma ka ʻokoʻa loa, ua pani ʻia nā kula 590 ma ka hema o Afghanistan a ua waiho ʻia nā haumāna 300,000 me ka ʻole o nā lumi papa ma muli o ka hoʻouka ʻana o Taliban, e like me ka Associated Press.

Moolelo o na malihini
A loaʻa iā Bamiyan nā ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi. Mai nā lā o ke alanui Silk kaulana i hoʻopili ai iā Roma me Kina, ua hoʻomaha ka ʻāina no nā huakaʻi hele honua mai Alexander the Great a me Genghis Khan a i ka wahine mua ʻo Laura Bush. I Iune, ua hui ka wahine mua me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wahine ma kahi kula mākaʻi a mākaʻikaʻi i ke kahua kūkulu o kahi keiki makua ʻole.

Wahi a nā mea hale kūʻai kī ma ka ʻaoʻao o hoʻokahi loko i ka Pōʻalima, ka hopena pule Islam, piha ka hale kaʻa i nā kaʻa he nui - ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana ʻohana Afghan.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hele mai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e ʻike i ʻelua mau kiʻi nui o Buddha, ma 174 kapuaʻi a me 125 kapuaʻi, i kūkulu ʻia i hoʻokahi haneli ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o Islam mai loko mai o nā pali pōhaku ʻulaʻula 1,500 mau makahiki i hala. I kēlā manawa, ʻo Bamiyan kahi kikowaena ulu o ka Buddhism.

I ka makahiki 2001, i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona mana, ua hoʻohana ke aupuni Taliban i nā rockets a me nā kaʻa e luku ai i nā ʻāina Buddhist, a lākou i manaʻo ai he mau kiʻi o ka poʻe hoʻomaloka.

I kēia manawa, makemake ʻo Bamiyan i kāna mōʻaukala.

Paʻi e kūkulu hou
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gov. Habiba Sarabi - ʻo ia wale nō ke kiaʻāina wahine ma Afghanistan - ke manaʻolana nei ʻo ia e kūkulu hou ʻia kekahi o nā kiʻi Buddha, kahi papahana paʻakikī a kekahi mau hui i hāʻawi kālā ai, akā ke kali nei ia i ka ʻae ʻia mai ka Ministry of Culture. Ma Kabul, ua māhele ʻia ka manaʻo inā he papahana kūpono ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mōʻaukala mua o ke kenekulia ʻeono o Afghanistan.

Haʻaheo nō hoʻi ʻo Bamiyan i ka paka ʻāina mua o Afghanistan, he 220-square-mile zone a puni ʻo Band-i-Amir - ʻeono mau loko sapphire-blue i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻino. ʻO ka hele ʻana i laila, he ʻekolu hola kaʻa ma ke kaʻa 4x4 ma luna o ke alanui pōhaku ma waena o nā kupapaʻu ʻōpala o nā moku Soviet a me nā mauna niho 10,000-kapuaʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā maina ʻāina. Manaʻo ʻo Sarabi i kekahi lā e hoʻopili ʻia kahi ala paʻa iā Kabul i Band-i-Amir.

"Hiki i ka mākaʻikaʻi ke lawe mai i ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā a me ka nui o nā loli i ke ola o ka poʻe," wahi āna.

Akā ʻo Abdul Razak, ka mea e noho ana i loko o ka hale ʻaina kaʻawale o kāna Roof 18-lumi o Bamiyan Hotel, ʻōlelo ʻo ia he lōʻihi ka hele ʻana ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i mea maoli. "Ua maikaʻi ʻo Bamiyan (palekana), akā maikaʻi ʻole ma waho o Bamiyan. ʻO ka mea nui loa no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ka maluhia.

I ka lā Sābati i hala iho nei, ua hauʻoli ʻo Pei-Yin Lew, he haumāna lapaʻau Australia he 22 makahiki, i ka mālie o nā loko Band-i-Amir ma ka paka aupuni hou.

"ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui aʻu i makemake ai e hele mai i Afghanistan ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau loko," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, e kū ana ma luna o ke kaula o nā lagoon uliuli. "He nani maoli nō ma ʻaneʻi."

ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Afghanistan
ʻO ke kūlana politika o Afghanistan ua hoʻopilikia i kāna ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi.

Mai ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Taliban i ka makahiki 2001, ʻaʻohe helu helu hilinaʻi, akā ʻae nā luna o ka ʻoihana i ka emi ʻana o ka poʻe malihini kipa i nā mahina i hala.

ʻO ka pōʻino i kēia mahina ma waho o ka Embassy Indian ma Kabul i pepehi i nā kānaka he 41, a ʻo ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Ianuali ma ka hōkele ʻelima hōkū wale nō o ke kapikala ua hōʻoki i ka ʻoihana e 70 pakeneka, e like me André Mann, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Great Game Travel Co. ma Kabul. e hāʻawi ana i nā huakaʻi huakaʻi maʻamau.

"Hiki ke loli koke nā mea," wahi a Mann. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau hemahema. Ua ʻoluʻolu iki mākou, akā ke manaʻolana nei mākou i kahi 2009 maikaʻi aʻe. "

Aʻoaʻo kaʻahele ʻAmelika
Ke hoʻomau nei ka 'Oihana Moku'āina i ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i nā kamaʻāina ʻAmelika e kūʻē i ka huakaʻi i kekahi wahi o Afghanistan.

"ʻAʻohe ʻāpana o Afghanistan e manaʻo ʻia he pale ʻole mai ka hana ʻino, a aia ka mea hiki i ka ʻāina āpau no nā hana ʻino, i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole ʻole, e kūʻē i ʻAmelika a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o ke komohana i kēlā me kēia manawa.

"Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻoweliweli e ʻaihue a pepehi i nā kamaʻāina US a me nā limahana Non-Government Organization (NGO) a puni ka ʻāina."

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