I loko o ka ʻatikala kānāwai huakaʻi o kēia pule, ua nānā mākou i ka hihia o Horne vs. Carnival Corporation, Helu 17-15803 (11th Cir. Iune 29, 2018) kahi a ka ʻaha i ʻōlelo ai "Ma kā lākou mahina meli, ʻo Horne a me kāna wahine ʻo Julie ma ka moku peʻa Fascination a hele e kiʻi i nā kiʻi o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā ma waho o ka pā o waho. He lā makani nui loa ia, a i ka wā a lāua i makemake ai e haʻalele i ka pā o waho pono ka wahine e hele ma ka puka hao kaumaha. ʻO kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona ma ka puka i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 'CAUTION-Watch TO STEP-HIGH THRESHOLD'. ʻAʻohe ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe. Ua wehe ʻo Julie i ka puka, akā ua loaʻa ka pilikia, no laila ua hopu ʻo Horne i ka puka ma kona lihi a ua hāmama ʻo ia. I ka manawa i hele ai ʻo Horne ma ka puka, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻu. Pani ka puka i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu aku ai ʻo Horne iā ia, pani ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kona lima a ʻokiʻoki i ka manamana mua o kona lima ʻākau ma ka hui mamao. Ua lawe ʻo Horne i ka hoʻopiʻi kūʻē iā Carnival, e ʻōlelo ana no ka hōʻeha ʻole i ka ʻōlelo aʻo no kahi kūlana weliweli a me ka mālama pono ʻole ʻana i ka puka. Ua ʻae ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo i ka hoʻoholo hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo iā Carnival, i ka loaʻa ʻana o kā Carnival kuleana ʻole e aʻo aku no ka mea ʻaʻohe hōʻike e ʻike ʻia ana ʻo Carnival ma ke kūkala, maoli a kolohe paha, no ke kūlana weliweli a no ka mea ua hāmama a maopopo ka pilikia. ua hoʻokolokolo ʻia ka ʻōlelo hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo i kekahi ʻāpana a hoʻohuli ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana a hoʻi hou ʻia ”.
I ka hihia ʻo Horne ua ʻōlelo ka ʻĀha "No ka mea ʻo ka ʻeha i kū i ka wai hiki ke hoʻokele, pili ke kānāwai federal admiralty i kēia hihia. I mea e hoʻokūpaʻa ai i kāna hoʻopiʻi no ka mālama ʻole, pono ʻo Horne e hōʻike he kuleana mālama kā Carnival, ua haki kēlā kuleana a ʻo kēlā ʻāpana ke kumu pili o ka ʻeha o Horne. 'He kuleana ko ka laina moku peʻa e ao aku i nā pilikia i ʻike ʻia' ... Eia nō naʻe, i mea e loaʻa ai kahi kuleana e aʻoaʻo e pili ana i kahi pilikia, pono i ka laina hoʻokele ke hoʻomaopopo maoli a kuhi paha i ke kūlana palekana '... Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe kuleana e ao aku no nā pilikia ākea a maopopo ʻole '".
Hoʻolaha o ke kūlana weliweli
"{I kēia hihia, aia he hōʻike e kau ana ka laina moku peʻa i kekahi manawa i nā hōʻailona ma ka puka o ka papa i ka hanana o ka makani ikaika. E heluhelu kēia mau hōʻailona i ka 'akahele, ka makani ikaika'. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona like i ka lā o ka hanana. ʻIke ʻia i ka mālamalama e makemake nui ʻia iā Horne, nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana ʻo Carnival, i nā manawa i hala, e kau ana i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka makani ikaika e hana i kahi pilikia maoli inā paha he kūkala maoli a kuhi paha kā Carnival i ke kūlana weliweli ".
Wehe & maopopo ka weliweli
"I ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā wehe a maopopo ka pilikia, nānā mākou i ka 'mea a kahi kanaka kūpono kūpono e nānā a hana [] ʻole ai i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻopiʻi'. Kākoʻo ʻo Horne ʻo ka makaʻu kūpono ʻaʻole ka makani, a i ʻole ka puka kaumaha, akā ʻo ka makaʻu paha o ka makani ka mea e pā ikaika ai ka puka a ʻokiʻoki loa i kona manamana lima. Ke paio nei ʻo Horne ʻaʻole wehe a ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia kēia makaʻu i ke kanaka kūpono. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Horne ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻo ia ua kaumaha ka puka, a he makani, ʻaʻohe ona kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai e pani paʻa loa ka puka a ʻokiʻoki loa ia i kona manamana lima.
Dute To Warn Claim
"Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia ʻaʻohe ona ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana e pili koke ka puka, ʻoiai ʻo kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hemo i kona lima i ka manawa. Ma muli o kēia hōʻike, nānā ʻia e ka malamalama i makemake nui ʻia iā Horne, paʻa mākou i kahi jure kūpono ʻaʻole i wehe a ʻike maopopo ʻia kēia pilikia. No laila, hoʻohuli mākou me ka hoʻohanohano i ka kuleana e aʻo i ka hoʻopiʻi ".
ʻO ka mālama ʻole i ka hoʻopiʻi
"ʻO kā Horne mau hōʻike a ka loea o ka puka i loko o kahi kūlana weliweli e pili wale nō inā hiki iā Horne ke hōʻike mua he ʻike maoli a he hana paha kā Carnival i kēia pilikia. ʻO nā hōʻike wale nō a Horne e hōʻike nei he hoʻolaha maoli a he hana paha kā Carnival i ka weliweli o ka puka he ʻelua mau kauoha hana i komo, a laila pani ʻia, no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma ka puka. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka Plaintiff i hōʻike ʻole i hoʻokō ʻole ʻia kēia mau kauoha hana; i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike ka ʻelele ʻo Carnival i ka 'pani' ʻana i kahi ʻoka hana e hōʻike ana ua pau nā noi i noi ʻia. No laila, ʻaʻole hāʻawi kēia mau kauoha hana i hōʻike e ʻike ai ua ʻike ʻo Carnival e noho ana ka puka i kahi kūlana weliweli i ka manawa o ka hanana..
Panina
"No nā kumu i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ua hōʻoia mākou i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ka ʻaha moku me ka pili ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi, akā hoʻohuli mākou e pili ana i ke kuleana o ka hana e aʻo".
ʻO Patricia lāua ʻo Tom Dickerson
Ua hala ka mea kākau, ʻo Thomas A. Dickerson, i ka lā 26 o Iulai 2018 i kona makahiki he 74. Ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kona ʻohana, eTurboNews ʻae ʻia e kaʻana like i kāna mau ʻatikala i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka faile āna i hoʻouna mai ai iā mākou no ka paʻi o ka pule e hiki mai ana.
Heluhelu mai ka Hon. Ua hoʻomaha ʻo Dickerson ma ke ʻano he kaulike kaulike o ka mahele hoʻopiʻi, ka ʻĀpana ʻelua o ka ʻaha kiʻekiʻe o ka mokuʻāina ʻo New York a ua kākau ʻo ia e pili ana i ke Law Travel no 42 mau makahiki e like me kāna puke kānāwai makahiki hou, Law Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Nā US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Nā Papa Hana: Ke Kānāwai o 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018), a ma luna o nā ʻatikala he 500 a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea he i loaʻa maʻaneʻi. No nā nūhou kānāwai loiloi hou a me nā hoʻomohala, keu hoʻi i nā lālā lālā o ka EU, Bus maanei.
Heluhelu he nui o Nā ʻatikala a Justice Dickerson ma aneʻi.
ʻAʻole paha kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala me ka ʻae ʻole.
