ʻO ka hana kanaka, me ka pālua ʻana o kona heluna kanaka i nā makahiki he 35 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoikaika i ka emi ʻana o ke ola holoholona ma ka Honua, ua hoʻopau nā mea noiʻi.
ʻO kēia mau mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Santa Barbara; Universidade Estadual Paulista ma Palakila; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mekiko; ka Natural Environment Research Council Center for Ecology and Hydrology in England; a ʻo ke Kulanui ʻo Ke Kulanui ʻo Lākana nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi hou.
ʻO ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea olaola o ka Honua e hōʻike ana aia ka honua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ono o ka pau ʻana o ke ola mai ka lilo ʻana i 3.5 biliona makahiki i hala aku nei, e like me kahi noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma Science.
Aia he 25 pakeneka awelika o ka emi ʻana o ke koena o nā vertebrates terrestrial, a he 45 pakeneka ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā mea ʻokiʻoki. E hoʻomau ʻia kēia mau poho a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻano mea i hilinaʻi ʻia i ke koena paʻakikī o ke ola ma ka Honua no ko lākou ola ponoʻī.
Nā hōʻike RT:
"Makemake mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka pau ʻana ma ke ʻano he nalo ʻana o kekahi ʻano mai ka honua aku, a he mea nui loa ia, akā aia ka nalowale o ka hana kaiaola koʻikoʻi e hana nei nā holoholona i kahi koʻikoʻi e pono ai mākou e makaʻala pū kekahi," wahi a mākou. ʻO Rodolfo Dirzo, ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ke aʻo ʻana a me ke kaukaʻi biology ma ke Kulanui ʻo Stanford.
"ʻO ka mea hoʻohenehene, ua lōʻihi mākou i noʻonoʻo ai he mea hūnā ka defaunation, akā manaʻo wau e hoʻopau mākou i kahi kūlana i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma muli o nā hopena e ʻike nui ʻia i ka honua a me ke ola kanaka."
ʻO ka "Anthropocene defaunation," e like me kā kekahi poʻe noiʻi i kapa ai i kēia au, ke hahau nei i nā holoholona nui e like me nā elepani, polar bear, a me nā rhinoceroses ka mea paʻakikī loa, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau megafauna ke kumuhana o kekahi o nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka emi ʻana ma ka Honua. Kūlike kēia ʻano i nā make nui o ka wā o ka Big Five.
He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka me ka Megafauna e pono ai ka nui o nā wahi noho e mālama ai i ko lākou heluna kanaka, no laila, pili nui lākou i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka makemake i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo. ʻO nā poho ma waena o kēia mau holoholona he hopena koʻikoʻi no nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe i hilinaʻi iā lākou i loko o kahi kaiaola.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina i hala aku nei ʻo ka lilo ʻana o nā holoholona nui ke ʻano o ka spike i nā rodents, ʻoiai e ulu aʻe ka mauʻu a me nā kumu lāʻau a me ka emi ʻana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka lepo, ʻoiai ke emi nei ka pilikia o ka predation, ʻōlelo a Futurity.org. Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka nui o nā ʻiole, pēlā nō nā ectoparasite lawe maʻi e hele pū me lākou.
"Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka defaunation, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o nā rodents, a no laila ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā pathogens, e hoʻonui ai i nā pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi," wahi a Dirzo.
"ʻO wai ka mea i manaʻo e loaʻa i ka defauning wale kēia mau hopena koʻikoʻi? Akā hiki ke lilo i pōʻai ʻino. "
Ma kahi o 16 a hiki i ka 33 pakeneka o nā ʻano vertebrate āpau i manaʻo ʻia he mea hoʻoweliweli a hoʻoweliweli paha, ʻike ʻia ka loiloi.
Loaʻa nā hopena ripple ma luna o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nalo mau ʻana o ka nui o ka nalo meli koʻikoʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e loaʻa i nā hopena pōʻino no ka pollination mea kanu, a pēlā i ka hana ʻai o ka honua, e like me kā RT i hōʻike mua ai.
Hoʻopili nā iniseti ma kahi o 75 pakeneka o nā meaʻai meaʻai o ka honua, e like me ka Futurity.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 71,000 mau ʻano o ka honua, 30 pakeneka o lākou e hoʻoweliweli ʻia, e like me ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ma muli o kēia loiloi - a me ka ʻole o nā hana hoʻokele waiwai a me ka politika e hoʻoponopono ai i ka make-off o kēia manawa - hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ono o ka luku nui ʻana e 2400 AD, University of California, ʻo Berkeley geologist Anthony Barnosky i haʻi aku iā Harper's magazine.
He paʻakikī ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka make-off, ʻōlelo ka haʻawina, ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nohona a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻāina e hele mai ma o nā hoʻolālā kūloko a me ke kūlana.
"ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā hāʻule hou aʻe e koi iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā ʻano mea e lanakila a nalowale ana i ka hakakā no ke ola ʻana a mai ke aʻo ʻana i ka poʻe lanakila, e hoʻohana i nā mea a mākou e aʻo ai e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā papahana mālama," wahi a Ben Collen, he kumu aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Lākana. a he mea kākau pū o ka haʻawina. "Pono mākou e hoʻomohala i nā mea hana wānana no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hopena o nā loli i ka kaiaola e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana mua i nā hana mālama, e hana pū me nā aupuni ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hana i nā kulekele kākoʻo e hoʻohuli i nā ʻano hopohopo a mākou e ʻike nei."
Nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Santa Barbara; Universidade Estadual Paulista ma Palakila; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mekiko; ka Natural Environment Research Council Center for Ecology and Hydrology in England; a ʻo ke Kulanui ʻo Ke Kulanui ʻo Lākana nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi hou.
He aha e lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻatikala:
- “We tend to think about extinction as loss of a species from the face of Earth, and that's very important, but there's a loss of critical ecosystem functioning in which animals play a central role that we need to pay attention to as well,” said Rodolfo Dirzo, lead author of the study and a biology professor at Stanford University.
- The “Anthropocene defaunation,” as some researchers have dubbed this era, is hitting large animals such as elephants, polar bears, and rhinoceroses the hardest, as these megafauna are the subject of some of the highest rates of decline on Earth.
- “Ironically, we have long considered that defaunation is a cryptic phenomenon, but I think we will end up with a situation that is non-cryptic because of the increasingly obvious consequences to the planet and to human wellbeing.
