DNA a me CT scan scan o ka mummy o ka 18th Dynasty pharaoh Tutankhamun (ca. 1333-1323 BC) a me na mummies i ikeia a i manaoia paha he mau lala o kona ohana pili, ua hoike mai i na hoike hou weliweli no ka hanauna alii opio a me ke kumu o ka make. . ʻO kahi hopena hou aʻe o ka noiʻi hou, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka nānā ʻana o DNA i nā mummies kahiko o ʻAigupita no ka manawa mua, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā inoa i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau haʻawina e nā ʻepekema ʻAigupita a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo honua ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka Tutankhamun Project, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Dr. Zahi Hawass. Ua paʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻike e JAMA, ka Journal of the American Medical Association, ma kā lākou Feberuari 17, 2010, edition (Volume 303, no. 7).
ʻO nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻo ia ka makuakāne o Tutankhamun ke aliʻi "heretic", ʻo Akhenaten, nona ke kino i kēia manawa ua ʻike maopopo ʻia me ka mummy mai KV 55 ma ke awāwa o nā aliʻi. ʻO kona makuahine, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka inoa, ʻo ia ka "Younger Lady" i kanu ʻia ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Amenhotep II (KV 35). ʻO ka mummy o ka "Elder Lady" mai ka lua kupapaʻu hoʻokahi hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ke kupuna wahine o Tutankhamun, ʻo Queen Tiye. Ua hoʻomālamalama hou ʻia ke kumu o ka make ʻana o Tutankhamun me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka DNA mai ka parasite e hoʻoulu ai i ka malaria; malia paha ua make ke alii opio no na pilikia o keia ma'i.
Ua hana ʻia ka loiloi mua i loko o kahi keʻena DNA i kūkulu hou ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAigupita, ʻo Cairo i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka DNA kahiko; ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia i ka papahana e Discovery. Ua hana ʻia ʻelua ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka DNA ma nā laʻana i lawe ʻia mai nā iwi o kēia mau mummies: ka nānā ʻana i nā kaʻina DNA nuklea kikoʻī mai ka Y chromosome, i hāʻawi pololei ʻia mai ka makua kāne i ke keiki kāne, e aʻo i ka laina paternal; a me ka paʻi manamana lima mai ka DNA autosomal o ka genome nuklea ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo pololei i ke kāne o ke kanaka. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hualoaʻa DNA, ua hana hou ʻia nā loiloi a hoʻihoʻi kūʻokoʻa ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena DNA kahiko hou i hoʻolako ʻia e kahi hui o nā limahana. Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā kiʻi CT me kahi ʻāpana CT C130 KV hiki ke hoʻoneʻe, 124-130 ms, 014-3 mm ʻāpana mānoanoa, Siemens Somatom Emotion 6 i hāʻawi ʻia i ka papahana e Siemens a me ka National Geographic Society.
Ua hana maikaʻi ʻia ka loiloi Y-chromosome a me ka manamana lima genetic, a ua ʻae i ka hana ʻana i ʻelima hanauna hanauna no ke aliʻi ʻōpio. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana ʻo ka makua kāne o Tutankhamun ka mummy i loaʻa ma KV 55. ʻO ka CT scan o kēia mummy e hāʻawi i ka makahiki ma waena o 45 a me 55 no kēia mummy, e hōʻike ana i kēia mummy (i manaʻo mua ʻia ua make ma waena o nā makahiki o 20 a me 25) ua aneane ʻo Akhenaten iā ia iho, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻAigupita mai ka hale kupapaʻu i ʻōlelo lōʻihi. No ke kākoʻo ʻana i kēia moʻokūʻauhau, ʻimi pū ka DNA i kahi laina pololei mai Tutankhamun ma o ka mummy KV 55 a hiki i ka makuakāne o Akhenaten ʻo Amenhotep III. Hōʻike ʻo DNA ʻo ka makuahine o ka mummy KV 55 ʻo ia ka "Elder Lady" mai KV 35. ʻO kēia mummy ke kaikamahine a Yuya lāua ʻo Tjuya, a no laila ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ke aliʻi wahine nui ʻo Amenhotep III ʻo Tiye.
ʻO kekahi hopena koʻikoʻi mai ka hōʻike DNA ʻo ia ka "Younger Lady" mai KV 35 i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ka makuahine o Tutankhamun. ʻAʻole hiki i ka papahana ke hoʻomaopopo iā ia ma ka inoa, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei nā haʻawina DNA ʻo ia ke kaikamahine a Amenhotep III a me Tiye a no laila ke kaikuahine piha ʻo Akhenaten. No laila ʻo nā kupuna kāne wale nō o Tutankhamun ma kona ʻaoʻao makua kāne a me kona makuahine, ʻo Amenhotep III lāua ʻo Tiye.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua mau keiki hānai i hoʻomoe ʻia a hūnā ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena o ka hale kupapaʻu o Tutankhamun. Kākoʻo ka loiloi DNA mua i ka manaʻo o ʻAigupita he mau keiki kēia na ke aliʻi ʻōpio. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia kēia loiloi i kahi mummy i kapa ʻia ʻo KV21A, he wahine aliʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua, ʻo ia ka makuahine o kēia mau keiki a no laila ʻo ia ka wahine a Tutankhamun, ʻo Ankhsenamun.
Ua aʻo pono ka papahana i nā CT scans o ka ʻohana e nānā pono i nā maʻi hoʻoilina, e like me Marfan syndrome a me gynecomastia/craniosynostoses syndromes, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua ma muli o nā hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻAigupita. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike no kekahi o kēia mau maʻi, no laila ua koho ʻia nā hui kiʻi i ukali ʻia e ka ʻohana aliʻi o Amarna no nā kumu hoʻomana a me ka politika.
ʻO kekahi hopena koʻikoʻi o nā noiʻi DNA ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea mai Plasmodium falciparum, ka protozoon e kumu ai ka maʻi malaria, i loko o ke kino o Tutankhamun. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka CT scan he wāwae ʻoʻopa ko ke aliʻi, ma muli o ka necrosis iwi avascular. Manaʻo ka papahana ʻo ka make ʻana o Tutankhamun ma muli o ka maʻi malaria i hui pū ʻia me kāna kumukānāwai nāwaliwali. ʻO ka CT scan o ka pharaoh ma mua i hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi haki ʻole i hoʻōla ʻia ma ka iwi ʻūhā hema o ke aliʻi; ke manaʻo nei ka hui ʻo ke kūlana nāwaliwali o ke aliʻi i alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana, a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana i nāwaliwali i kona kūlana kino palupalu.
