ʻO nā mea lawe kālā ʻo Asia e lele kiʻekiʻe ana

SINGAPORE - He hōʻailona ia o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā manawa mokulele e like me ka manawa i waiho ai ka mokulele mokulele kiʻekiʻe ʻo Japan Airlines (JAL) no ka panakalupa i ka mahina i hala, ua kūʻai aku ka mea hoʻolele kālā o Singapore ʻo Tiger Airways i kāna mau ʻāpana i ka lehulehu e like me ke koi ʻana o kāna waiwai. ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia e 21 mau manawa ma ke kumukūʻai o ke kūlanakauhale.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai wahie, ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi huakaʻi ma waena o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua, a me ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi H1N1 i ka makahiki i hala, ua hui pū nā mea āpau e kūʻē i nā mea lawe lawelawe piha (FSCs) o ka ʻāina, i kumu e ʻoki ai i nā alahele a ʻoki i nā limahana - a i ʻole, i ka hihia o JAL, e hāʻule a puhi ma lalo o ke kaumaha o nā aie kaumaha.

ʻO JAL, ʻoiai he hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ma waena o nā mea lawe kālā ma Asia i ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o ka hāʻule kālā o ka honua. ʻO Singapore Airlines (SIA), ka mokulele nui loa o ka honua ma ke kumukūʻai o ka mākeke, i ka makahiki i hala ua hōʻemi i kona hiki i ka 11%, ua hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ʻewalu mau mokulele Airbus hou, ua hōʻemi i ka uku o nā limahana a me nā hola hana - a ua loaʻa mau nā poho o S $ 428 miliona (US$304. miliona) i loko o nā mahina ʻeono mua o ka makahiki kālā, e hōʻike ana i ka pohō mua ʻana o ka hapahā makahiki i loaʻa e ka mea lawe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ʻehiku mau makahiki.

Ua loaʻa pū ʻo Thai Airways i nā pohō nui ma nā ukana haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻokele hewa ʻana o ka pae kiʻekiʻe, e hāpai ana i nā hopohopo e hiki i ka mea lawe moku haʻaheo mua ke hele i ke ala o ka panakalupa JAL me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono nui ʻana i kāna mau hana. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Garuda o Indonesia e hoʻopaneʻe i kāna mau hoʻolālā i ka makahiki i hala e papa inoa ma ka waihona kālā ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hana kālā.

E kūʻē i kēlā ʻano ʻino, ua hoʻohana nā mea lawe ukana haʻahaʻa o Asia (LCCs) i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua ma ke ʻano he manawa gula e loaʻa ai ka māhele mākeke a hoʻohui i ko lākou mau kūlana ma mua o nā mokulele mokulele. Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā manaʻo upbeat ma kahi hālāwai kūkā o ka ʻoihana i kēia mahina ma Singapore, kahi i ʻōlelo ai kekahi mau luna koʻikoʻi LCC e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā, nā hoʻolālā hoʻonui a me nā papa inoa o nā mākeke waiwai.

Ua helu ʻia nā LCC no 15.7% o ka mākeke mokulele o Asia i ka makahiki i hala, a i ʻole ma lalo o hoʻokahi o nā noho ʻeono i kūʻai ʻia ma ka ʻāina, e like me ka Center for Asia Pacific Aviation. Ua piʻi aʻe ia mai ka 14% wale nō i ka makahiki 2008 a ke hoʻomau nei i ka piʻi ʻana mai ka 1.1% LCC wale nō i helu ʻia i ka makahiki 2001. ʻO kēlā mau loaʻa ma ka mākeke, wahi a nā mea loiloi, ua loaʻa mai ma ka uku pololei o nā mokulele mokulele o ka ʻāina.

Ua hana nā LCC ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai waiwai o ka ʻoihana; ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā makemake a me nā ʻano o nā mea kūʻai aku. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka honua i ka makahiki 2008, ua emi nui ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi o ʻAsia i nā noho nani a ʻimi nui i nā uku haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā mokulele mokulele, nui ka poʻe i kaumaha i nā hale kūʻai paʻa paʻa a me nā aie kiʻekiʻe, ua lohi i ka pane ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana a ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana i nā mea hoʻokūkū nimbler LCC. ʻO kekahi hapa, ʻo ia no ka hana ʻana o LCC i kahi ʻokoʻa o nā manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kālā.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tony Davies, ka luna hoʻokō nui o Singapore's Tiger Airways i hoʻopaʻa inoa hou ʻia, ua hahai kāna mokulele i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ka US hypermarket retailer Walmart: "[LCCs] he mau mea kūʻai maoli," wahi āna. "ʻO kā mākou ʻoihana ke kūʻai aku i nā noho."

E like me ka nui o nā LCC kūloko, ua hōʻemi ʻo Tiger Airways i nā kumukūʻai ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea momona, e komo pū ana me nā meaʻai ma luna o ka moku a me nā helu helu kūkaʻi ma ka honua. Ua lele mau nā LCC i nā ala o ʻehā a ʻoi aʻe paha mau hola, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka poʻe holo mokulele like no nā mokulele hoʻi i ka lā hoʻokahi. ʻO ia ka mea i ʻae i nā LCC e hoʻolimalima i nā limahana liʻiliʻi a pale aku i ka uku nui o ka noho ʻana i ka pō no nā poʻe holo moku.

Mālama ka hapa nui o nā LCC i nā ʻauwaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, me ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻano mokulele hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahie, e like me ka Airbus 320 a i ʻole Boeing 787. ʻAe ia iā lākou e mālama i ka mālama ʻana, nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa a me nā lilo hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Me ia mau kumukūʻai i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, hiki i nā LCC ke uku i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mokulele mokulele me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā poho, ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o kahi pilikia pilikia.

Ua loaʻa pū i nā LCC nā ala noʻonoʻo e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā pili ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kā lākou waihona kālā he "ancillary" loaʻa, ua loaʻa i kekahi mau LCC ka waiwai ma ka wehe ʻana i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe e hiki ai i nā poʻe holo ke koho a uku i kā lākou makemake. ʻO Lim Kim Hai, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka mokulele mokulele Regional Express o Australia, e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana unbundling ma ke ʻano he "waiwai me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha".

Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili wale ʻia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ʻelima manawa o ke kumukūʻai no kahi meaʻai ma luna o ka moku, a i ʻole ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā hui ʻinikua e hiki ai i nā LCC ke hōʻiliʻili i kēlā me kēia manawa ke kūʻai aku ka mea hele i ka ʻinikua huakaʻi me kā lākou tiketi.

Ua hoʻokumu hou ʻo LCC paionia ʻo AirAsia i kahi lawelawe kālā kūikawā a me ka ʻoihana kūpaʻa e ʻimi i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā panakō a me nā hōkele e hāʻawi i nā kāleka hōʻaiʻē i hoʻopuka pū ʻia, nā uku lumi hōkele kūikawā a me nā lawelawe huakaʻi ʻē aʻe. "Ma kēia ala mākou e loaʻa ai kā mākou loaʻa kālā a mālama pū i ka kūpaʻa mai kā mākou mau lele," wahi a ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana AirAsia ʻo Johan Aris Ibrahim.

Nā palena ea hou
Ua ʻōlelo ka International Air Transport Association (IATA), he hui ʻoihana, ma ka ʻaha kūkā mokulele ma Singapore, ua ʻoi aku ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pacific iā ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma ke ʻano he mākeke huakaʻi mokulele nui loa o ka honua, me 647 miliona mau ohua ma 2009. ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 638 miliona poʻe i lele i nā mokulele kalepa i ka makahiki i hala ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

ʻO Kina ka mākeke nui loa o ʻAsia, akā ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hikina ka mana nui me kāna mākeke hui ʻia o 600 miliona mau kānaka. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loiloi ʻoihana ʻaʻole e holo ka hapa nui o ka heluna o ka ʻāina ma luna o kahi mokulele a ma nā kumukūʻai o kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi noho ma kahi mokulele lawelawe piha.

ʻO kēia ka māhele mākeke like ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā luna hoʻomalu o LCC he ulu nui ka ulu ʻana, ʻoiai inā piʻi ka loaʻa kālā o kēlā me kēia kapita e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka AirAsia o Malaysia i ka huakaʻi huakaʻi kālā kūloko i ka makahiki 2001, he 6% wale nō o ka poʻe Malaysia i lele ma ka mokulele. Ma lalo o kahi hua'ōlelo "Now everyone can fly" marketing slogan, ua hāʻawi pinepine ka mea lawe kālā i nā kumukūʻai tiketi haʻahaʻa ma mua o kekahi mau kaʻa kaʻa.

"Ua hoʻololi maoli nā LCC i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o ka poʻe," wahi a Kris Lim, ka luna hoʻomalu o ke kikowaena naʻauao hoʻolālā o ka Pacific Asia Travel Association ma Bangkok. "Hoʻoikaika lākou i ka huakaʻi no ka poʻe ʻōpio me ka palena kālā huakaʻi a i ʻole ka poʻe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hiki ʻole ke uku no nā mea lawe lawelawe piha."

ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka lewa o Asia Hikina Hema i ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻokūkū kumukūʻai maoli ma hope o nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā mea lawe hae aupuni. ʻO ke ala Malaysia-Singapore, no ka laʻana, ua wehe ʻia i ka hoʻokūkū ma hope o ka SIA a me Malaysia Airlines i hoʻomalu i ke ala no nā makahiki he 35.

ʻO ka hana Duopolistic ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi o nā ala pipiʻi loa o ka honua no ka lele 55 mau minuke, me nā kumukūʻai tiketi ma mua o US $400. Hāʻawi nā LCC i nā kumukūʻai no ka hapahā o kēlā nui a me ka nui o ka alapine. Hele ʻo AirAsia ma waena o Kuala Lumpur a me Singapore ma kahi o ʻeiwa manawa o ka lā.

Ke hele nei ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka mākeke ma ka Hikina Hema o Asia i kapa ʻia ʻo Open Sky Agreement, e hoʻokō piha ʻia ana i ka makahiki 2015 a manaʻo ʻia e pōmaikaʻi nā LCC o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻaelike e ʻae i nā mea lawe mokulele kūloko e hana i nā mokulele palena ʻole i nā lālā 10 o ka Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAsia Hema (ASEAN) a hoʻohiki e hoʻonui i ka mākaʻikaʻi intra-regional, kālepa a me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma waena o nā ʻāina lālā - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar. , ka Philippines, Singapore, Thailand a me Vietnam.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻaelike ʻaʻole kānalua e hālāwai me ka poʻe palekana, manaʻo ka poʻe loiloi ʻoihana i ke ʻano o ka deregulation. Ua kāhea ke Kuhina Kaʻa ʻo Singapore ʻo Raymond Lim i kēia mahina no kahi kahua pāʻani hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe no nā mokulele mokulele o ka ʻāina. "ʻO ke aupuni liberalized ka hopena i nā manaʻo nui aʻe no ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a puni," wahi āna.

ʻAʻole maopopo inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana i ka mākeke mokulele mokulele, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ka waiwai nui o nā mokulele mokulele. ʻO kahi hōʻike hou mai Sydney-based Center for Asia Pacific Aviation e wānana ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma waena o nā mea pāʻani liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea i wānana ʻia e koi ʻia e hoʻohui a pani ʻia i ka wā e wela ana ka hoʻokūkū.

"He ʻoihana hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ka mokulele a, ʻaʻole like me ka ʻoihana panakō, ʻo ka hui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana ma waena o nā LCC e hiki mau ana ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū cutthroat," wahi a Ng Sem Guan, he mea loiloi mokulele ma ka noiʻi OSK ma Kuala Lumpur.

I kēia manawa, nui nā LCC e kono ikaika ana e hoʻowalewale i nā mea kūʻai aku, me ka poʻe huakaʻi ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka uku, e haʻalele i kā lākou mau hoa pili kālā. Ma kēlā ʻaoʻao, ʻo Chong Pit Lian, ka luna hoʻokō nui o Jetstar Asia, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hiki i nā huakaʻi ʻoihana ke lele pinepine aku e hālāwai me ko lākou mau hoa honua a hoʻouna i nā limahana ʻōpio no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou aʻe a me nā kumu hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe.

Ke noi aku nei kekahi poʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i loko o ke kahua kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka huakaʻi hele lōʻihi, me nā mokulele mai ʻAsia a i ʻEulopa ma nā uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻole. I ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻolauna ʻo AirAsia X o Malaysia i nā ala lōʻihi mai ka ʻāina a hiki i Lākana no kahi hapa o ka uku o nā mokulele mokulele.

Inā, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, hahai nā LCC ʻē aʻe i ke alakaʻi lōʻihi o AirAsia X, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū e paʻakikī loa i ka poʻe lawe kālā ʻaiʻē a me ka pohō o ka ʻāina e hana i ka ʻāina nalowale, wahi a nā mea loiloi ʻoihana.

"E loaʻa mau kahi mākeke no nā mea lawe uku no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e makemake e ʻimi hou aku no nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi," wahi a Ng. "Akā i ka hopena o ka lā e hilinaʻi ʻia ke ola o nā mokulele i ka hoʻokele ʻana o kā lākou waihona kaulike."