Hoʻoiho i ka 15 pihath Pūʻulu Makahiki Mīkini Air Transport 2019 o ka World Bank Group (WBG) piha me ka manaʻo no 2020 e noʻonoʻo ana iā COVID 2019 mai kēia ʻatikala. He hana kupaianaha ia ma muli o nā hoʻololi nui i ka mākeke lele ma muli o COVID-19 a me ka nānā i hoʻololi ʻia no 2020.
Ua lilo ka mokulele mokulele i ʻoihana hoʻokele o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, kahi mea nui i
hoʻomohala waiwai i nā mākeke āpau. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ma mua ka pōmaikaʻi waiwai mai a
Pūnaewele puni honua ma nā kaulahao maha-modal, e ʻae ai i nā mea he nui e hoʻomohala a kū mai nei
nā ʻāina e pōmaikaʻi i ke komo ʻana i ka hana ʻana, kālepa a i ʻole ka huakaʻi. Ua wehe aʻe nā mākeke,
a me ka liberalization i ke kālepa a me nā lawelawe i kākoʻo i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana mokulele honua.
E like me ia, ʻike ka halihali ea i kahi manawa decadelong o ka ulu kiʻekiʻe, keu hoʻi i
nā mākeke e kū mai ana kahi i kau nui ai nā mea huakaʻi i ka mokulele no ka manawa mua.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaka ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka poʻe ohua. I ka 2019, koi ka poʻe holo mokulele honua
ua ulu ʻo 4.2%, ma lalo o kahi ulu ulu lōʻihi ma kahi o 5.5%. ʻO ia ka mea nāwaliwali loa
huahelu no ka loaʻa kālā-mile (RPK) ulu ulu mai 2009, a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi mai 7.3% i
2018. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka GDP honua, he mea kupaianaha me he ea lā
ukali maʻamau ka halihali i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua. Loaʻa ka hiki i nā mākaʻi mokulele
ua hoʻonui ʻia e 3.4% ma 2019, a ua hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻoili e 0.7% i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
o 82.6%. ʻĀpana, ʻike ʻia nā helu ulu ulu ikaika ma ʻApelika a me ʻAsia-Pākīpika ma 4.9%
a me 4.8% pākahi, ʻoiai ʻo ʻEulopa a me Lakina ʻAmelika i loaʻa nā helu ulu o 4.2% a
ʻO kā ʻAmelika Hema ʻo 4.1%. Ua ʻike ka Hikina Waena i ka ulu o 2.4% wale nō.
kaomi i 'aneʻi to hoʻoiho i ka hōʻike 90 palapala World Bank ma ke ʻano he PDF
ʻO ka māhele ikaika loa, e pili ana i ka hana kālā o kāna mau mokulele, ʻo ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, kahi
ʻo ka waiwai ma hope o ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ka mea kiʻekiʻe ma USD16.5 biliona. Hōʻike kēia i kahi loaʻa kālā o USD16.0
no kēlā me kēia mea mākaʻikaʻi, kahi kokoke i ʻelua manawa o ka pae o ʻeono mau makahiki i hala. Ua wānana ʻia nā palena ʻupena
ma 6.0% no 2020, e hōʻike ana i kahi emi iki mai nā pae 2019 e kū mai ka hāʻule ʻana o
hoʻohua me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hiki. I ʻEulopa, noho kiʻekiʻe nā mea hoʻouka breakeven ma 70.4%. Kēia
ua hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hua haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ākea ākea a me ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe
nā kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ke kumukūʻai wahie haʻahaʻa a hōʻole ʻia i nā hoʻolālā hoʻonui o kekahi alakaʻi
nā mea lawe, ua wānana ʻia nā waiwai net i USD7.9 biliona ma 2020, e hōʻike ana i USD 6.4 no kēlā me kēia
ohua a me ka palena o 3.6%.
Ua pilikia nā mokulele ma Asia a me ka Pākīpika ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ke kālepa honua a me nā ukana. Ua manaʻo ʻia kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke kālepa honua no 2020, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā loaʻa kālā ma ia wahi.
ʻO ka uku awelika no kēlā me kēia ohua e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i USD3.3 a me nā waiwai net e hoʻonui
i USD6.0 biliona me ka ʻupena net o 2.2%. ʻO nā mokulele ʻo Middle East i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, a ʻo ia ka hopena o ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka hiki. Nā mokulele ʻoihana Hikina Waena
nā poho i ka makahiki 2019 i ka USD1.5 biliona, akā e manaʻo ʻia kahi hōʻemi i USD 1 biliona
2020. Aia nā mokulele mokulele ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ala o ka hoʻōla, akā ke nalo nei i ka USD 400 miliona i
2019. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā mea hou, a ke kakali nei nā mokulele ma Latin America
kahi loaʻa liʻiliʻi o USD100 miliona ma 2020. ʻApelika, ka hopena, ua noho e like me nā makahiki he 5 i hala ka
ʻāpana nāwaliwali loa e pili ana i ka loaʻa pono o ka mokulele. Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o USD400 miliona i ka 2018, ua hoʻomaikaʻi iki ka hana ʻana o nā mea lawe ʻApelika. Ma ka awelika, hoʻomau ka ʻeha o nā mea lawe ʻApelika mai kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i ka 2019, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi iki i 58.8% ma 2020.
ʻO ka wanana ʻoihana no 2020, i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka hopena o 2019, i manaʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia
i ka ulu waiwai o ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka manawa o 2020 a me nā kumukūʻai wahie paʻa. Ua hopena kēia i ka a
4.1% ulu o RPK ma ka honua a puni, a me kahi hoʻomaikaʻi iki o ka hana kālā a nā airlines i
nā waiwai upena o USD29.3 biliona me ka palena hana o 5.5%.
Eia nō naʻe, ke kahua i manaʻo ʻole ʻia o ka hapanui o nā mokulele honua o ka honua i ka hoʻomaka mua o 2020 ma muli o ka outbreak
o ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19, ka mea e hopena i ka hoʻokele waiwai honua
ua hoʻololi i ka nānā. I ka manawa o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kēia hōʻike, ua manaʻo ʻia ka GDP honua e 5.0% ma ka 2020, no ka mea he hopena nui kā COVID i ke kālepa kūwaho (13% emi). Ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻemi ʻia nā loaʻa honua o ka ʻoihana mokulele e 50.4%.
i ka 2020, ka hopena o ka makahiki maikaʻi loa o ka mōʻaukala no nā airlines me ka nalowale kālā o USD84.3 biliona
ʻO ka paʻi 15th o ka World Bank Group (WBG) Air Transport Pūʻulu Makahiki, i paʻi ʻia me ka lohi o ʻekolu mahina ma muli o COVID-19, hōʻuluʻulu i ke kākoʻo i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻāina kū mai a me nā ʻāina kūkulu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lawe ea. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei e hoʻokō ʻia nā papahana i kēia manawa a i ʻole ia i hoʻolālā ʻia, nui nā ʻāina mea kūʻai aku WBG e kū nei i mua o nā hōʻaʻano mua ʻole i ka ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai hou. I nā mākeke he nui kahi e lawe ai ka ea
he kuleana nui no ke kālepa a me ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, ua lilo ka hoʻōla hoʻomau ʻia o nā lawelawe lewa i mea nui mua i ka lāhui. Ke pane nei ka WBG me ke kākoʻo i nā ʻāina mea kūʻai aku e ka mālama ʻana i nā loina o ka wā i hala i ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lawelawe lawelaa ʻea palekana, kūpaʻa, a me ke kumu kūʻai. No kēia, ke hoʻomau nei e noi ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Cascade Approach", ka mea i pahuhopu i nā ʻāina
e hoʻonui ana i nā kumuwaiwai hoʻomohala e ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ke kālā pilikino a me nā hopena o nā ʻoihana pilikino pilikino mau. E like me ia, hāʻawi wale ka WBG i ke kālā no kēlā mau wahi kahi kūpono ʻole a loaʻa ʻole paha ka hana pilikino
Hōʻike kēia Air Transport makahiki hōʻike hōʻuluʻulu i ka waihona o ka hana halihali mokulele ma WBG a hōʻike i kekahi o nā papahana i ke kikoʻī. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole nā papahana hana hou hou i hoʻomaka ʻia, hoʻomau ka waihona holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, e hōʻemi ma kahi o 5% i USD 928 miliona. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomākaukau nei kekahi mau papahana hou ma ka Caribbean a ma ka Pākīpika, a hāʻawi ʻia i ka koi nui no ke kōkua ʻenehana, ka
manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka waihona i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
I kēia mau mea, keu no ka ʻāpana halihali mokulele, nā manawa paʻakikī, hoʻomau ka hana o ka Pūʻulu Pūʻali Honua ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana e ke kamaʻilio ʻana i nā kulekele a me nā lula, ka palekana, ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana, ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana o ka ʻoihana, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hiki i nā ʻāina mea kūʻai aku.
Ke kakali nei mākou i ka hoʻomau ʻana e kamaʻilio i nā pilikia hou a me nā manawa kūpono o ka ʻāpana i ka 2020 me ka pahuhopu e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka halihali ea palekana, kūpono, a me ke ea paʻa no nā mea āpau.
kaomi i 'aneʻi to hoʻoiho i ka hōʻike 90 palapala World Bank ma ke ʻano he PDF
He aha e lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻatikala:
- It is a fascinating work due to the drastic changes in the aviation market due to COVID-19 and the changed outlook for 2020.
- Middle Eastern airlines were in the process of restructuring, which resulted in a slowdown in capacity growth.
- On average, African carriers continued to suffer from a very low load factor in 2019, which was expected to improve slightly to 58.
