Ma Palani wale nō: Champagne me Romantic Happy Bubbles

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Na E.Garely kiʻi

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Oscar Wilde, "ʻO ka poʻe noʻonoʻo ʻole hiki ke loaʻa ke kumu no ka inu ʻana i ka champagne."

ʻO ka hana ʻana o Champagne mai nā haneli mau makahiki, a ʻo ka ʻike i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a me ka nui o nā pilina lehulehu i lilo ai ʻo Farani a me nā huahana Farani kekahi o nā "ʻāina waina" nui loa ma ka honua.

ʻO Farani wale nō kahi o ka honua kahi e loaʻa ai i ka mea inu wai inu nā hua waina, a me nā māla waina e hoʻohua ai i ka Champagne.

ʻO Farani a me ka waina ka mea like me ka huahana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, meaʻai a me ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me ka ʻike.

I ka makahiki 2018, ua loaʻa iā Farani ma kahi o 786,000 mau ʻeka o nā kumu waina, me kahi huahana o kahi kokoke i 46.4 hectoliters, e hana ana ʻo Farani i ka lua o ka mea hana waina ma ka honua ma ka nui, ma hope o Italia. He 16.5 pakeneka ka nui o ka hana waina o ka honua. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka honua, aia kekahi o kēlā me kēia 10 heka o nā kumu waina ma ka honua ma Farani.

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Enekinia Waiwai

Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana waina ma kahi o 558,000 poʻe, me 142,000 mau mea inu waina, a ma kahi o 84,000 he mau lālā o kekahi o nā hale kūʻai 690 Farani e hoʻokumu ana i 300,000 mau hana pololei, 38,000 mau mea kālepa, 3,000 sommeliers, 100,000 mau mea kūʻai waina ma ka hale kūʻai waina. . Hoʻopau ʻia ʻelua hapakolu o ka hana waina Farani ma Farani a ʻo 15,000 ka nui o nā hale Farani (85 miliona) e ʻai i ka waina ma ka home (23).

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Ma kahi o 10 miliona mau mākaʻikaʻi waina (42 pakeneka mai nā ʻāina ʻē) e kipa aku i 10,000 mau hale hoʻokipa waina Farani a i ʻole nā ​​hale hōʻikeʻike 31 i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka waina ma Farani. 

Hoʻouna ʻana i ka waina ma ʻāina ʻē

ʻO Farani ka mea hoʻopuka waina nui loa ma ka honua (kū i mua o Italia a me Sepania) me ka 29 pakeneka o ka nui o ka waiwai e lilo ia i huahana hoʻolālā no nā hoʻopuka Farani. I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Farani ma kahi o 14.9 hectoliters no kahi kokoke i 8.9 biliona Euros (ʻoi aku ka like o nā mokulele Airbus 100). ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Farani ka mea nui (ma kahi o 60 pakeneka) no nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, alakaʻi ʻia e Kelemania a me United Kingdom; akā naʻe, ʻo ka huakaʻi nui no nā waina Palani ʻo ia ʻo ʻAmelika (16 pakeneka o ka nui o ka waiwai i lawe ʻia i waho, ʻo ka nui ma nā ʻōmole).

Wahi a Palani

I ka makahiki 1907, ua wehewehe ʻia ka waina ma Farani ma ke ʻano he inu fermented kahi e hele mai ai nā mea a pau mai nā hua waina, me ka wai a me nā mea ʻono. ʻO ka pahuhopu: ka pāpā ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ke kānāwai e hoʻonui ai i ka hana a me ka pilikia e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai waina.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka waina ma ka honua (1973) e ka International Office of Wine (OIV) i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1924 ma ke ʻano he "mea inu wale nō i loaʻa mai i ka fermentation ʻawaʻawa piha a ʻāpana paha o nā hua waina hou, ʻoki ʻia a ʻaʻole ʻole, a i ʻole nā ​​hua waina. ʻAʻole hiki ke emi iho ka ikaika o ka waiʻona ma mua o 8.5 pakeneka ma ka nui.

ʻO ka ʻāpana waina Farani ka mea mua i hoʻokumu i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana ma ke koho ʻana i ke kumu, e mālama ana i ka hōʻike o ka terroir e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka huahana nui. Mai ka manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai, ʻo ke ʻano o ka makemake i nā waina i kāohi ʻia i kā lākou hua e pale aku i nā pilikia o ka overproduction a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO nā mea hana o ka champagne e hoʻomalu i ke kaʻina hana, e pale ana i ka inoa o ka waina ʻālohilohi ma ke ʻano he waiwai kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO Champagne ka ʻāina mua i hāʻawi ʻia i ka inoa (ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana) e ka mokuʻāina Farani. Ua lilo ka manaʻo o nā palena palena i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20 no ka mea he mea nui ka champagne i ka ʻike aupuni Farani a kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ala e mālama ai ka terroir a me ka ʻōnaehana o nā inoa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi moʻokūʻauhau Farani.

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Champagne. Ka hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia

Hōʻike ka mōʻaukala ua "hānau ʻia" ka waina ʻālohilohi - ka hana ʻana o ke kinoea carbonic e puka mai ana mai kahi fermentation lua o nā hū. Hiki i nā waina he nui ke "'ālohilohi," akā naʻe, ke nānā aku nei nā mea hana Champagne i ka hiki i ka mākeke o ka mea inu ʻālohilohi, e hana ikaika ana e hoʻolaha i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona e hoʻihoʻi i nā moʻokūʻauhau aristocratic a me nā moʻolelo o ka hoʻoilina, pili i ka mea inu, kahi a me nā mea hana. i kahi kūʻokoʻa a me ka mākeke i hala.

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Na ka Belle Epoque (1871–80), ʻo ka inu ʻana i ka champagne ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kāu kuleana i ke ola civili. Ua lilo ia i hōʻailona aupuni ma kahi mākeke honua, kahi waiwai me ka hōʻailona nui, a me ke kapikala moʻomeheu.

ʻO ka Champagne kahi hui

ʻO ka Champagne kahi waina i hui ʻia, a ʻo nā ʻāina ʻohana nui e noho aliʻi me nā mea kūkākūkā e kuleana no ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hui ʻana, ka ʻelemakule, a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā waina. ʻO ka huawaina a me ka lepo wale nō nā mea a ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻomalu ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka Champagne. ʻO ka maʻi ahulau phylloxera o nā makahiki 1890 ua hoʻoweliweli i nā vignerons a me nā mea kūkākūkā e alakaʻi ana i ka legitimization o ka manaʻo ʻo Champagne ma ke ʻano he wahi i wehewehe ʻia he kumu nui ia i ka ʻike ʻana o Champagne ma ke ʻano he inu ʻāina a me ka honua.

Aia mau ka ʻāʻī ma waena o ka poʻe mahi waina a me nā mea kūkākūkā. Ke kūʻai aku nei nā mea kanu ma kahi o 23 pakeneka o nā ʻōmole Champagne a pau, akā ma luna o 92 pakeneka o kēia mau kūʻai i hana ʻia ma Farani. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā vignerons he mau lālā o kekahi o nā hui 137 ma ka ʻāina, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi me ke komo ʻana i ke kapikala i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke komo pākahi a hoʻoikaika i ko lākou mana kūʻai aku i mua o ka mana hoʻokele waiwai o nā mea kālepa a me nā mea waena. . ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hui ʻoihana ma Champagne ma mua o nā wahi waina ʻē aʻe o Farani, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou e hana i nā hua waina, a kūʻai aku i ka wai a i ʻole ka waina mau i nā hale.

ʻEhā mau ʻano kumu o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua waina:

1. E kaomi a kuai wai

2. E hana oe i waina malie i kuaiia

3. E hookomo i ka waina ma ka lua fermentation iloko o ka omole a kuai aku

4. E hookomo i ka waina ma ka lua o ka fermentation i loko o ka omole a kuai aku ia hai no ke kuai ana e like me ka lakou huahana ponoi

5. E hana i ka waina effervescent i kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o kā lākou lepili ponoʻī i ka hoʻokūkū me nā mea kūkākūkā a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.

Nā Laʻa Champagne

ʻElima mau pūʻulu e mālama nei i ka hapa nui o ka mākeke Champagne.

1. Moet-Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH) (nui loa i loko o ka lewa nui):

• Moet et Chandon (1743)

• Veuve Clicquot (1772)

• Krug (1843)

• Ruinaart (1764)

• Mercier (1858)

ʻO nā hui ʻē aʻe he:

2. Vranken Pommery (1858), BCC nona:

• Lanson (1760)

• Boizel (1834)

• deVenoge (1837)

3. ʻO Laurent Perrier (1812) nā:

• Salon (hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1911). ʻO kekahi o nā hale hanohano loa ma Champagne. Ma kahi o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole me kahi cuvée hanohano e like me ka hapa nui o nā hale Champagne, hana ʻo Salon i kahi cuvée hanohano hoʻokahi, i hana ʻia mai Chardonnay mai ke kauhale Le Mesnil-sur-Oger.

• Delamotte (1760)

4. Pernod Ricard (hui inu nui)

• Māmā (1827)

• Perrier Jouet (1811)

5. Remy Contreau

• ʻO Charles lāua ʻo Piper Heidsieck (1851)

ʻO 17 mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he 33 pakeneka o ka waiwai:

• Taittinger (kumu 1734; Taittinger 1931)

• Louis Roederer (1833)

• Bollinger (1829)

• Pol Roger (1849)

ʻO ka Nicolas Feuillatte (ke kūʻai aku nei i ka Champagne kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā hale kūʻai Farani a me nā hale kūʻai ma 2020) ke kūʻai aku nei i 4.5 miliona mau hue, 2.6 miliona mau hue ma mua o ka lua i kūʻai nui ʻia, ʻo Alfred Rothschld. ʻO ka brand Feuillatte (hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1976) e hui pū i nā hui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he 80 i loko o kahi ʻoihana hoʻokahi, e hui pū ana ma kahi o 6,000 o nā vignerons ma ka ʻāina. ʻO Nicolas Feuillatte ka 4 a i ʻole 5th nui loa ma ka honua ma ka leo.

ʻElua mau Champagnes cuvee hanohano i hoʻomaka i ke ʻano e hoʻomau i ka mea nui i ka mākeke waiwai: Moet's Dom Perignon, a me Roederer's Cristal. Ua hoʻomaka ka Hale o Roederer iā Cristal i ke kenekulia 19 no ka Aha Imperial o Rusia, a me Czar Alexander II. Ua loaʻa i ka cuvee kona inoa mai ka ʻōmole aniani akaka ʻole a ke czar i koi ai e hoʻohana. ʻO Moet & Chandon, kahi mea hana nui loa, he hapa liʻiliʻi ia o ka nui o ka hana a Moet. Ua kūʻai mua ʻia ka waina i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ma ʻEnelani wale nō, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e loaʻa ana i Farani i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20.

ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hanohano

Manaʻo ka poʻe kūʻai aku i ka Champagne ma ke ʻano he mea waiwai a makemake e uku i nā kumukūʻai premium no kahi huahana e kūʻai ana ma kahi o 9 Euros e hana ai (basic, non-vintage brut); ʻO ke kālepa akamai a me ka kūlike o ka maikaʻi i hoʻonoho maikaʻi ʻia e like me ka hōʻailona a me ka moʻolelo.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻo Champagne i kēlā me kēia lā ma nā hale kūʻai.

ʻO (ma ka awelika) 1.8 mau kūʻai i kēlā me kēia kanaka, i kēlā me kēia makahiki i hana ʻia, kūʻē i ka 5 kūʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka waina ʻālohilohi holoʻokoʻa (ʻaʻole me ka Champagne). Hōʻike pū ka noiʻi ʻana he 60 ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku e inu i ka Champagne no ka pilikanaka a i ʻole nā ​​​​kumu leʻaleʻa, a ʻo ka awelika o ka makahiki o ka mea kūʻai Champagne ma waena o 35-64, me kahi wahine ikaika e hahai ana ma waena o nā makahiki 17-24.

Ke ʻike nei kekahi mau mākeke i ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka Champagne, a ʻo ia paha ka manawa kūpono e hoʻonui ai i nā hana kūʻai aku ma mua o ka hoʻolauleʻa, ka hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka hoʻowalewale e hoʻonui i nā koho i ka aperitif a me ka meaʻai.

APVSA - Lawe mai i kahi Champagne hou i New York

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Inā he mea kūʻai waina ʻoe, mea lawe mai, mea hāʻawi, ʻelele, mea kākau waina / loiloi, sommelier a i ʻole mea hoʻonaʻauao waina, pono ʻoe e hui me Pascal Fernand ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Association pour la Promotion des Vins et Spiritueux (APVSA), he hui waiwai ʻole. Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu waina / mea hana waina me nā mākeke ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (me USA, Mexico a me Kanada). Hoʻokumu ʻia ma Montréal, ua hala ʻo Fernand ma mua o 20 mau makahiki i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā waina boutique, a me nā mea hana ʻuhane i nā mākeke hou, a me nā mea kūʻai aku hou.

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Ma kahi hanana APVSA hou loa ma New York City, ua loaʻa iaʻu ka pōmaikaʻi e hui me Mathieu Copin, mai Champagne Jacque Copin, e noho ana ma Verneuil, Farani. I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia mai ʻo Copin Champagne, a hāʻawi ʻia i Kaleponi, Puerto Rico, Iapana, Netherlands, Suedena, Denemaka, Switzerland, Kelemānia, Switzerland, ʻApelika Hema a me Cambodia.

Aia ka ʻohana, ka ʻāina kūʻokoʻa ma kahi pā waina 10ha ma ke awāwa ʻo Marne kahi i hana ʻia ai kekahi o nā Champagnes hoihoi loa a kū hoʻokahi. ʻO Pinot Meunier, he huawaina ʻōiwi o ia wahi, kahi mea nui o Copin Champagnes.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka ʻāina e Alfred Copin i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 i kona kūʻai ʻana i nā māla waina ma Vandieres. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hale waina iā Maurice Brio, a me Auguste Copin i lawe i nā kuleana alakaʻi i ko lākou kanu ʻana i nā kumu waina mua o Chardonnay, a me Pinot Noir. Hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1963 ua hoʻonui ʻo Jacques Copin i ka ʻoihana Verneuil me kāna wahine ʻo Anne-Marie, e hoʻolauna ana i ka brand Champagne Jacques Copin.

Mai ka makahiki 1995, ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Bruno a me kāna wahine, ʻo Marielle a me kā lāua mau keiki, ʻo Mathieu lāua ʻo Lucille, i ka hana brand Copin e hui pū ana me ka ʻenehana hou. Mālama ʻia nā māla waina e ka lima a mālama ʻia ka vinification i loko o nā pahu ʻoka a ʻo ka thermo-regulated stainless steel a me ka micro-vinification e hiki ai ke hana i nā champagnes kūʻokoʻa.

Pilikino Copin punahele

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Hoʻopuka ʻo Copin i nā Champagnes he nui a e hōʻike ana kēia mau mea i kaʻu mau pane hoihoi i kekahi mau mea i wae ʻia:

1. Polyphenols 2012. Hoʻonui Brut. 50 pakeneka Chardonnay, 50 pakeneka Pinot Noir.

ʻO nā polyphenols (phonelic compound) he mea kūlohelohe ia i nā hua waina. Aia lākou i loko o ka ʻili, hāʻawi i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me nā mea ʻala a manaʻo ʻia he pono i ke olakino. Ua ʻike ʻo Polofesa Jeremy Spencer, ke Keʻena ʻEpekema Meaʻai a me Nutritional Science, University of Reading, ua loaʻa i nā polyphenols, "ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana cognitive e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ...' ʻO nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe mai ke Kulanui i hōʻike ʻia, "ʻelua mau aniani champagne i ka lā maikaʻi paha. no kou puʻuwai a me kou holo ʻana a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi cardiovascular a me ka hahau ʻana.

Ua ʻohi lima lima ʻia nā hua waina Polyphenols Copin i ka lā 19-20 o Kepakemapa, 2012, a kaomi ʻia i loko o 6 mau hola; ʻO ka disgorgement i loaʻa ma ka maloʻo me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a ʻaʻohe SO2 i hoʻohui ʻia. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka waina i ka lā 8 o Malaki, 2013, ma ka ʻōlelo Palani i hana ʻia i ke aniani kala kinamona mai ka hale hana ʻo OI SAS France de Reims. ʻAʻohe hauʻoli a kānana; malolactic fermentation; ʻaʻohe uku. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka fermentation waiʻona: Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hū maloʻo a hiki i ka 17 degere C i nā pahu kila. He 108 mau mahina ma ka 11 degere C me ka pahu kapu a me ka sila P103.

Hāʻawi kēia brut, hapalua chardonnay a me ka hapalua pinot noir i kahi hue gula ʻoluʻolu i ka maka, hua keʻokeʻo oʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, plums, grapefruit, meli, a me nā memo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka ihu, a laila hoʻokuʻu i kahi hale kūʻokoʻa a hoʻonani i ka pala. hōʻike ʻia e ka acidity i kaha ʻia. Paʻa, paʻakikī a ʻono, hāʻawi kēia champagne i kahi lōʻihi a hauʻoli. E hui pū me ka puaʻa, salmon, tuna, shellfish a i ʻole ka paʻakai palupalu.

2. ʻO Rose Brut. 60 pakeneka Pinot Noir, 25 pakeneka Meunier, 15 pakeneka Chardonnay mai ʻekolu mau kauhale ma ke awāwa ʻo Marne (Veneuil, Vincelles, Vandieres).

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ʻO ka viticulture hoʻomau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana synthetic. ʻOhi lima ma hope o ke kaomi pneumatic. Hoʻomaka ka fermentation hapa ma kahi wela haʻahaʻa i loko o nā pahu kila kila e hāʻawi ana i kahi waina maloʻo me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. A laila kānana māmā ʻia ka waina e mālama i ka hū. Hoʻomaka hou ka Fermentation no ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mahina; ʻO ka overpressure i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōmole e pale i ka fermentation hou. Hana ʻia ka disgorgement ma ka decanting i ka ʻōmole ma lalo o ke kaomi, me kahi kānana sterile.

ʻāʻulaʻula hohonu i ka maka me nā ʻōhū ola. Hauʻoli ka ihu me nā ʻala palupalu o nā cherries hou a me nā strawberries. Leʻaleʻa ka palate i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua ʻulaʻula i kaulike ʻia e nā mea kanu a me ka waikawa māmā. E leʻaleʻa ma ke ʻano he aperitif a i ʻole me nā keke pāpaʻi, pāpaʻi, iʻa a me nā mea ʻono a me nā huaʻai.

3. Le Beauchet Extra Brut. ʻO 100 pakeneka Pinot Noir i hana ʻia mai ka hui ʻana o nā ʻohi mai ka 2012, 2013 a me 2014 mai ka pā Beauchet. Ua kanu ʻia nā kumu waina i ka makahiki 1981 me kahi kumu kumu 41B.

Aia ka ʻāpana i ke komohana hema, me kahi pali haʻahaʻa loa ma lalo o nā puʻu, ʻo ka nui o ka lepo pālolo-loamy me ka limestone liʻiliʻi a waiwai loa i ka hao. ʻOhi lima ʻia nā hua waina a kaomi ʻia i loko o 6 mau hola. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana me ka S02 ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻōmole i Malaki, ʻApelila a i ʻole Mei ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, ua hana ʻia nā ʻōmole champagne aniani ma ka hale hana ʻo O1 de Reims ma ke kaupaona māmā. ʻAʻohe ʻoluʻolu a kānana. ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma hope o ka fermentation AF Malolactic. ʻAʻohe uku. ʻO ka fermentation waiʻona. ʻO ka hū maloʻo ikaika ʻo Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose ma 18 degere C i loko o nā pahu kila. Ka lā disgorgement i kahakaha ʻia ma ke kumu o ka ʻōmole a me ka ʻōpala; hoʻomaha no 5-6 mahina ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana.

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā waina i loaʻa ma o APVSA, Bus maanei.

© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.

Nā nūhou hou aʻe e pili ana i ka waina

#waina

#champagne

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Avatar o Kauka Elinor Garely - kūikawā i ka eTN a me ka mea hoʻoponopono i ke poʻo, wines.travel

ʻO Kauka Elinor Garely - kūikawā i eTN a me ka luna hoʻoponopono, wines.travel

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