Wines ʻo New York: ʻO ka pōʻino i ka hoʻomaka
Ua palapala ka poʻe mōʻaukala i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia nā hua waina i Nu Ioka e ka Dutch (1647-1664); kaumaha, ua holo pono nā mea kanu. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noho Huguenot Farani ma Ulster County e kanu i nā varietals ʻEulopa (1667) a ʻaʻole kūleʻa pū kekahi lākou.
ʻO William Robert Prince (1795—1869)
ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 1816 ua kanu ʻia ka hua waina ʻo Isabella e William R. Prince (he mamo na Thomas Prince, ke Kiaʻāina mua o ka Plymouth Colony) ma Linnaean Gardens (Queens, NY) a me 2 mau makahiki ma hope (1818), ua kanu ʻo Elijah Fay i ka mea mua māla waina ma Chautauqua County.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope (1827) ua wehe ka māla waina mua a me ka hale inu waina ma ke awāwa ʻo Hudson (i kanu ʻia e Richard Underhill ma ka Croton Point ma ka muliwai ʻo Hudson). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Underhill ka ʻohana aliʻi mua i ka vitikine ʻAmelika. ʻO ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o kēia mau māla waina e hāʻawi iā lākou i ke kuleana e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kumu maoli o ka ʻoihana ulu waina ma New York.
I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope (1829), i loko o kāna māla rectory, ua kanu ʻo Revered William Botwick i ka māla waina mua ma Finger Lakes (Hammondsport, NY). Ua hōʻeuʻeu ʻo kertwick i kona mau hoalauna e kanu i nā ʻoki mai nā kumu waina ʻo Isabella a me Catawba āna e ulu nei.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hala he mau makahiki he ʻumi aʻe e hele aku ai ka ʻoihana waina i ke kālepa ma ke awāwa ʻo Hudson. ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 1839 ua wehe ʻo Jean Jacques iā Blooming Grove (ma hope i kapa ʻia ʻo Brotherhood Winery) a i ka makahiki 1853 ua lilo ka ʻokoʻa huawaina Concord (i hoʻolauna ʻia eʻEpera Bull Bull o Concord, NH) i waina nui a me nā hua waina. Ua komo ka hui ʻo Taylor Waina i ka ʻoihana ma 1880, a ukali ʻia e Widmer's Wine Cellars i ka makahiki 1888 - e waiho ana iā New York ma ka palapala ʻāina hana waina. Ua hana kēia mau ʻoihana i nā waina sparkling a me nā mea ʻono (me nā awa a me nā sherry), a me nā waina papaʻaina.
Mea hoʻonui Wineries
Ua mālama ʻia ka Farm Winery Boom i nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970 me nā mea kālepa wānana hou. ʻO nā mea i komo pū me ka hui ʻo Benmarl Wine a me Cascade Mountain Vineyard (Hudson River Region), me Bully Hill Vineyards a me Kauka Konstantin Frank's Vinifera Wine Cellars ma ka Finger Lakes.
Ua wehe ke kānāwai Winery Farm (1976) i ka puka nona a me nā hana no kahi hale inu waina e hana ma lalo o 50,000 galani waina i kēlā me kēia makahiki a kūʻai pololei aku i ka mea kūʻai ma ka mahiʻai; i kēia lā hiki i nā hale hana mahiʻai mahiʻai ke hana a hiki i ka 150,000 galani i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā waina i nā hale ʻaina, kūʻai a me ke kālepa nui. I ka ulu ʻana o ke Kānāwai, ua ʻae ʻo ia i nā mea hana wāina e kūʻai i nā hua waina mai nā mea mahiʻai ʻē aʻe o New York a kūʻai aku i kā lākou mau waina i loko o ka ʻōnaehana like, ke hana ʻia nā waina me 100 mau pākēneka o New York.
Hoʻonui mau ka Wineries (1976-2017), a hōʻea ma kahi o 405, me 302 ma Federally i ʻike ʻia nā wahi kaiāulu: 20 ma Lake Erie, 129 ma nā Finger Lakes, 62 ma ka moku ʻo Hudson, 76 ma Long Island, 7 I ma ka Niagara. ʻO Escarpment a me 7 ma ke awāwa ʻo Champlain o Nu Ioka me nā hale hana waina he 103 ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka mokuʻāina.
Nā mea nui
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā māla hou he liʻiliʻi, hana ʻohana a kālele ʻia i ka hana palena ʻia ʻana o nā wī papaha varietal premium me ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa, mai ke kanu ʻana i nā kumu waina a hiki i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka waina, kaohi ʻia e ka ʻohana. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana i ka wāina, hiki i nā malihini kipa i nā hale inu waina ke ʻike i nā huakaʻi o nā māla waina, a me nā ʻono waina a me kēia ʻano o ka ʻoihana e ʻumeʻume i 3 miliona mau mākaʻikaʻi i New York i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻOihana Waina NY i kēia lā
I kēia lā, ʻo NūIoka ke kolu o ka waina a ka lāhui e hana nei i ka mokuʻāina me ka hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o 20-miliona galani. Ua ʻike ʻae ʻia ʻo New York i nā wahi vitikiniki 10 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka Palani, "appellations of origin" a me Lake Erie, Niagara Escarpment; Nā Lākana Manamana lima; Seneca Lake; Lake Cayuga; Ke kahawai ʻo Hudson, Long Island; The Hampton, Long Island; Kahului ʻĀkau o Long Island; a me ke Awāwa ʻo Champlain o Nu Ioka.
ʻO 8th makahiki NY Drinks NY. Nānā Workshop
Ma kahi hanana hou inu inu ʻo New York NY, ua ʻākoakoa nā ʻepekema, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mea kūʻai mai, nā mea kūʻai aku, a me nā mea kākau e aʻo e pili ana i kekahi o nā hua waina hybrid e ulu ana ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo New York.
Nā hua waina Hybrid NY
He aha ka hua waina hua? ʻO nā hua waina Hybrid ka hua waina i nā huahana o ke keʻa ʻana i ʻelua a ʻoi mau ʻano Vitis. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi keʻa kūlike i waena a i ʻole "Modern Variities" a me ke ahonui maikaʻi i ka pauka pauda, nā maʻi fungal ʻē aʻe, nematodes a me phylloxera.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hua waina Hybrid New York
Ma ka hanana NY Drinks NY, ʻo Sommelier Pascaline Lepeltier, MS a me ka mea waiwai ʻo Mike Colizzi o nā Cornell Agriculture Experiment Stations, Geneva, NY, i hōʻike aku i kekahi o nā ʻano huawaina huaola hānai o New York State, e like me:
ʻO Vignoles. Hoʻomohala ʻia e JF Ravat, kahi hybridizer Palani (1929), ʻo Vignole ke keʻa ma waena o Pinot Noir a me kahi hybrid Seibel. ʻO nā ʻano Vitikulani nā: Hardy, lohi-oʻo a me ke ʻano o ke kumu waina ikaika; e hāʻawi ana i ke ʻano kūpono me nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi. Akā naʻe, maʻalahi lākou i ka pauka pauda a me ka pūpū pala a hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ka "pala hanohano", mahalo, e hua mai ana i nā waina hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: Cool, fermentation tank; ʻaʻohe fermentation malolactic; ʻaʻohe ʻelemakule ʻōpala. Hoʻopau mau ʻo Vignola me ka liʻiliʻi he 1 pākēneka koena kō a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā waina momona, ʻohiʻohi. Hōʻike ʻo Vignoles i kahi ihu hua onaona a me nā tropical tropical but is one-dimensional and the natural high acidity must be kaulike me ka ʻono. Loaʻa ka ʻala ikaika o ka ʻohi waina i ka wā ʻohi o ka apricot.
Ke ulu nei ka makemake no Vignoles ma muli o nā makana he nui i nā hoʻokūkū nui o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana a me nā waina hau. Hiki i kēia mau hua waina ke hana i nā waina papa kiʻekiʻe a ke aʻo nei nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me nā mana spicier o ka meaʻai Mekiko a me ka Hikina.
Traminette. (ʻIke ʻia ma mua ʻo NY65.433.13). Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka 4th International Symposium ma Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology ma Rochester, NY (Iulai 1996), ʻo ka Traminette ka hopena o ke keʻa o Janes Serve 23.146 x Gewurztraminer na HC Barrett ma 1965 ma ke Kulanui o ʻIlino.
Hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e lilo i pākaina papa waina me nā ʻano ʻono Gewurztraminer, ʻike ʻia kēia hua waina e ka maikaʻi o ka waina i hui ʻia me ka maikaʻi o ka hana, kūʻē kūʻē i nā maʻi fungal a me ka paʻakikī anuanu. He waina waina keʻokeʻo ia o ke kau waena e hoʻopuka ana i ka waina me nā ʻano varietal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me kekahi o kona mau mākua, ʻo Gewurztraminer.
ʻO Baco Noir. ʻO Monsieur Francois Baco (1865- 1947), he kumu, e noho ana ma Belus, Landes, Armagnac Province, Palani (hema o Bordeaux). Hana ʻia kēia ʻano huawaina huapalaoa Palani-ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he waina ʻulaʻula ma NY State.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kona kumu i 1894 i ka wā i hala ai ʻo Baco iā Follet Blanche (kahi ʻano ʻulu waina i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā brandies ma Armagnac) me kahi lālā i ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka ʻohana riparian Vitus o ka Honua Hou (i kapa ʻia he "muliwai" a i ʻole nā "hua muliwai" i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao. nā kapa o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAkau ʻAmelika ʻĀkau mai ka hema o Kanada a hiki i ke awāwa ʻo Mexico a hiki i nā mauna Rocky). ʻO ka manaʻo e hana i nā kumu waina hoʻopale phylloxera i paʻa i ko lākou ʻano Palani. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Baco ma 1902 a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻoihana ma 1910.
ʻO ke kukui i ke kino waena, me ka waikawa maikaʻi a me kahi makemake no ke anuanu anuanu, ʻo Baco Noir kahi ala aloha e ulu ai i Pinot Noir. Inā waiho ʻia ʻo Baco ma luna o kona ʻili ma mua o 7 mau lā ke wana - hiki, me ka mālama, ke loaʻa i nā ʻano nui e like me Bordeaux. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻono ikaika a ʻaʻala hoʻi - kedera, paka, ʻili a me kokoleka. ʻO nā mea ʻono hua paʻakikī e hoʻopili me nā cherry ʻeleʻele, nā hua ʻeleʻele a me nā hua nui. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i nā mea kanu o ka pepa ʻeleʻele, licorice, cinnamon a me eucalyptus.
ʻO Baco, i hana ʻia i kahi kaila māmā, e hoʻomanaʻo ia i kahi Burgundian Pinot Noir e hōʻike ana i kahi ihu waiwai nona nā hua e hoʻomaka i nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā raspberry ʻulaʻula, nā raspberry ʻeleʻele, blueberry, cherry a me ka jam strawberry. Hoʻopili nā leka lāʻau i nā mea ʻono muted hou o ka lavender, ka pepa ʻeleʻele, ka mint a me ka laikini.
Niagara. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano hybrid ʻili ʻili i ulu nui ʻia ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika, ma kahi hoʻi o ka Great Lakes Region. Hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo NY o Niagara i ka waena waena o 19 kenekulia mai nā ʻano hua waina Concord (kahi kea paha ma waena o kahi ʻano Vitis labrusca ʻokoʻa a me kahi ʻano Vitis vinifera ʻike ʻole) a me ka labrusca Cassady. Māmā nā waina mai Niagara a hōʻike i kahi ʻala "foxy".
ʻO Niagara kahi hua waina hua kiʻekiʻe e kū i ke anuanu a ʻino hoʻi o ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā waina like ʻole me Burgundian Pinot Noirs, ʻo Bordeaux-e like me Cabernet Sauvignons, nā waina ʻōpio ʻōpio māmā a nouveaux paha, a ʻo rosé hoʻi. Hāʻawi ia i kahi waihoʻoluʻu hohonu, nui o nā hua berry a me ka plum, a hāʻawi i nā pae waikawa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopili maikaʻi me nā ʻiʻo barbecued. Maikaʻi nō ia mau makahiki.
ʻO Marechal Foch. ʻO ke kumu waina he keʻa o Gold Riesling a me riparia / rupestris hybrid a hana ʻia e Eugene Kuhlmann o Alsace. ʻO nā ʻano Vitikulani nā: ikaika a me ka wana ʻana, liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi i nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā hua waina uliuli ʻeleʻele. Kūpono kēia hybrid a kūpaʻa i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī ʻoiai hiki i ka wana o ke ʻōpuʻu ke hopena i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā wana e ka hopena o ka hau.
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© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
