Ka inu ʻemi. Nanea hou aku?
Nā Paʻakikī Nui
Ma kahi o ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waina, ma 2020 ua kū ʻo Sepania i ʻekolu mau hoʻāʻo: Mildew, Covid 19, a me nā hemahema o ka hana. He makahiki pulu loa ia, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā wahi kahakai ʻoiai ua hui pū ka ua pūnāwai me nā mahana i ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o ka mea maʻamau e hana ana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka maʻi maʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i ka māla waina ua pili ka pilikia i ka hua ma mua o ka maikaʻi. I ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka maloʻo a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela wela i ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka pulu.
He makahiki kūleʻa paha ia no ka waina Spanish me kahi hua waina nui i loaʻa i nā miliona a me nā miliona o nā ʻōmole hou no ka home a ma waho. Eia nō naʻe, me Covid -19 aia kahi hāʻule pōʻino o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waina ma muli o ke aupuni o Sepania e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hoʻolale kālā e hoʻopau i kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻiliʻili hua waina.
I mua o ka hana nui ʻana ma kahi mākeke e emi ana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he 90m Euro e hoʻohana ʻia no ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu, ka distillation o nā hua waina i ka brandy, a me ka ʻona ʻenehana. Ua kau ʻia nā palena haʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka waina i hiki ke hana ʻia i ka ʻeka. ʻO ka ʻohi 2020 i manaʻo ʻia e hana i 43 miliona hectoliters o ka waina, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 37 miliona i nā makahiki i hala. ʻOiai me ka ʻole o Covid, ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o ka hui ʻana o ka home a me ka noi honua o 31 miliona hectoliters. No ka hana ʻana i nā mea, ua hōʻemi ʻia nā kūʻai hale ʻaina e 65 pakeneka, a ua hōʻemi ʻia nā mea hoʻoiho ma 49 pakeneka mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻAʻole hauʻoli nā mea hana waina.
No ke aha mai? No ka mea ua lohi ke aupuni o Sepania i ka pane ʻana i nā pilikia. Ma ka waena o 2020, ua ʻae ke aupuni i ka 10 pakeneka o nā koi no ka ʻohi hua waina ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu. No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā limahana mai nā ʻāina kokoke (Romania a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau) ke komo i Sepania i ka wā paʻa, waiho ʻia nā hua e pala.
He Keʻokeʻo, Rose a me ʻulaʻula
Aia ʻo Sepania ka māla waina nui loa ma ka honua. ʻIke pono i ka hopena koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni i ka mahiʻai waina a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāina no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana, ke hana nei nā mea inu waina Spanish i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi i ka hana waina kūlohelohe a i kēia manawa he 113,480 ʻeka o ka māla waina i hōʻoia ʻia (12 pakeneka o ka nui o ka ʻeka māla waina o ka ʻāina. ), e hoʻolilo iā ia i alakaʻi honua i ka māla waina.
Ua hoʻomaka ka Spanish Organic Wines initiative ma 2014 a aia i kēia manawa he 39 ʻohana wineries ma ke ʻano he mau lālā me ka pahuhopu o 160,000 mau ʻeka o nā māla waina i hōʻoia ʻia e 2023. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana waina he liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāina waena a nona kā lākou māla waina a hana i kā lākou waina ponoʻī. Hoʻoikaika ka hui i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waiwai i nā wahi kūloko, hoʻolaʻa hou i nā māla waina a mālama i nā mea olaola, e hoʻēmi ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i kāna kapuaʻi kalapona a me ka wai i ka wā e hana ana i nā waina maikaʻi loa.
ʻOi aku ma mua o Sangria
Ke hele au i loko o kahi hale kūʻai waina, hele pinepine au i nā ʻāpana ʻItalia, Palani, Kaleponi, a i ʻole Oregon a malia paha, inā loaʻa iaʻu ka manawa, e nīnau i kahi o nā waina mai ʻIseraʻela. Kakaʻikahi wau e kuhikuhi koke i koʻu nānā ʻana iā Sepania - a - Hilahila iaʻu!
Ke hana nei ʻo Sepania i nā waina ʻono i maʻalahi i ka hoʻohana ʻana a ʻaʻole ia he mea kaumaha i kaʻu kālā.
No nā kenekulia, ua lilo ka waina i mea nui o ka moʻomeheu Sepania no ka uhi ʻana o nā kumu waina i ka Iberian Peninsula mai (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa) 3000 BC me ka hana waina e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 1000 BC mahalo i nā mea kālepa Phoenician mai ka hikina hikina. I kēia lā, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ka lawe ʻana aku i nā waina Spanish i ka ʻoihana ʻāina ʻoiai ke emi nei ka mākeke kūloko a hilinaʻi nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi i ka ʻoihana no ka hana.
Keʻokoʻa
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māla waina ma Sepania ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma ka honua (13 pakeneka o ka nui o nā māla waina o ka honua, a me 26.5 pakeneka o nā māla waina ʻEulopa), me ka hoʻopuka waina ʻāina i ʻoi aku ma mua o Farani a me Italia wale nō. He ʻumikūmāhiku mau ʻāina hoʻomalu, a ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke aniau, ke kālaihonua a me ka topography, pēlā nō nā ʻano waina Sepania.
Ma nā māla waina ma ka ʻākau a me ke komohana ʻākau, māmā nā waina, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a hōʻike ʻia e Rias Baixas a me Txakoli (he punahele pilikino). Ma nā ʻāina mahana, maloʻo, ʻoi aku i uka - ʻo nā waina i waena o ke kino, nā hua ʻulaʻula (e noʻonoʻo iā Rioja, Ribera del Duero a me Bierzo). Ma kahi kokoke i ke Kaiwaenahonua, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha o nā waina, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻulaʻula (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Jumilla), koe naʻe ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa e hoʻoikaika i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻulaʻula māmā a me ka Cava sparkling. Mālama ʻo Sherry i kona wahi ponoʻī no ka mea ʻo kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa ka huahana a ke kanaka a me kā lākou ʻenehana hana waina ma mua o ka hopena climatic.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻano hou ʻo Sepania i kāna ʻoihana waina i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi. Paipai ʻia ka hana hou a kākoʻo ʻia e ke aupuni a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻina waina o ka lāhui ke hoʻoikaika nui nei i nā ʻenehana hou.
Makeke Kūʻokoʻa vs
Wahi a ka Spanish Wine Association, ke alakaʻi nei nā mea inu waina ma Sepania i ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka honua, i ka pae mua ma ke ʻano o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka waina, a ʻo ke kolu o ka honua ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai kūʻai aku, ma hope o Farani a me Italia. Hiki i Sepania ke lawe aku i ka waina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa; akā naʻe, kūʻai aku ʻo Palani ma kahi o 33 pakeneka ka liʻiliʻi o ka waina akā loaʻa ma kahi o ʻekolu mau manawa hou aʻe no ka mea ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka waina Spanish i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEulopa (ʻo ia hoʻi, Farani, Kelemānia, Pokukala, a me Italia) kahi i emi ai ke kumu kūʻai. pili i ke kuai ana i ka waina ma ka nui. ʻO nā ʻāina e uku ana i ke kumu kūʻai awelika kiʻekiʻe (me ka US., Switzerland, a me Kanada) ʻaʻole i hoʻonui wale i kā lākou kumukūʻai akā i kā lākou mahele o ka huina.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua lawe aku ʻo Sepania ma mua o 27 miliona hectoliters, ma luna o ka awelika makahiki no nā makahiki he 10 i hala. ʻO ka waina ka hā o nā huahana i lawe ʻia ma Sepania, ma hope o ka puaʻa, nā hua citrus, a me ka ʻaila ʻoliva, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 4000 mau hui e hoʻokuʻu aku i kā lākou waina.
I ka makahiki 2020, ua emi iho ka inu waina i ka 9.1 miliona hectoliters '(-17 pakeneka i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019), i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ke kāpae ʻana i nā hōʻike a me nā hanana a me nā mea paʻa i ka ʻoihana hoʻokipa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi maʻi Covid-19 ma Madrid a me Barcelona, nā kikowaena nui ʻelua no ka inu waina.
Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi o ka ʻai i hoʻopau ʻia e nā hōkele a me nā hale ʻaina i ka leʻaleʻa kūloko ma o nā kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai i hoʻonui nui ʻia, e lilo ana ia i ke ala kūʻai nui me 47.5 pakeneka o ka huina. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka ʻohana Sepania i ka waina ma 15.3 pakeneka i 2020, ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o 15.7 pakeneka i 2019.
Hoʻololi, Hoʻololi, a Hoʻololi
Pono ka ʻāpana waina e hoʻololi i ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku no ka mea e hopohopo nui lākou i ke olakino, hoʻomau a me ke kaiapuni. Ma keʻano laulā, ua unuhi kēia mau hoʻololi i ka ʻai ʻana i ka home, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiwai o nā hua waina i ulu ʻia ma ke ʻano organically a me ka hoʻopili hou ʻana. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā hale waina a me nā hale kūʻai kūʻai aku i nā ala kūʻai ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka home, a me nā pūnaewele e-commerce, me nā ʻike virtual e like me nā huakaʻi a me nā ʻono.
Kākoʻo pū ka ʻoihana waina i ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, no ka mea, pili ke ola o nā māla waina i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano, nā kaiaola a me nā wahi kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia ka hihia o ka viticulture organik i lilo i mea nui ma Sepania. Me ka ʻoi aku o 121,000 mau ʻeka i 2020, ʻoi aku ma mua o 13 pakeneka o ka nui o ka nui o nā māla waina no ka hana ʻana i ka waina, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka viticulture organik e hoʻohua ai ma luna o 441,000 tons, e hoʻonoho ana iā Sepania ma ke alakaʻi honua ma ke ʻano o ka hana waina organik.
Huakaʻi Waina
ʻO ke kaiapuni kahi e ulu ai nā kumu waina he ʻano e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike o ka inu waina. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka inoa o ka denomination of origin (DO), ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wahi kūloko (climate, lepo, ʻano hua waina, kuʻuna, hana moʻomeheu) kōkua e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia waina.
Hāʻawi ka huakaʻi waina i kahi ʻike ʻē aʻe i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā waina ma o nā kipa ʻana i nā hale waina, nā lā meaʻai a me ka waina, a me nā hanana like ʻole. Hoʻohui ia i ka waina a me ka moʻomeheu, hoʻohui i nā hana a me nā lawelawe mākaʻikaʻi, e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā no nā hōkele, nā hale ʻaina, a me nā ʻoihana kūloko ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻole i kau ʻia. E pōmaikaʻi paha ia mai nā pilikia olakino ʻoiai he hana hoihoi ka mākaʻikaʻi waina no ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i nā wahi noho mālie ʻole me nā wahi ākea, a me ka pilina pili me ke ʻano.
No ka 'ike hou aku, Bus maanei.
He ʻehā ʻāpana kēia e kālele ana i nā Wines o Sepania:
1. Sepania a me kona mau waina
2. E ʻono i ka ʻokoʻa: ʻO nā waina maikaʻi mai ka puʻuwai o ʻEulopa
3. Cava: ʻO ka waina Sparkling Styled e Sepania
4. Heluhelu Lepili: Manao Paniolo
© Kauka Elinor Garely. ʻAʻole hiki ke kope ʻia kēia ʻatikala kope, me nā kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae palapala ʻia mai ka mea kākau.
#waina