Ma lalo o ka ʻili o ke ola Iudaio

ʻO ka akeakamai Kelemania, ʻo Martin Buber
ʻO ka akeakamai Kelemania, ʻo Martin Buber

ʻO ka heluna nui o ko ʻEulopa Hikina, ʻo Polani a me Ukraine hoʻi, he ʻilihune, ʻaʻole aʻo pinepine, a nele i ke ʻano a me ka sophistication o ka poʻe ʻEulopa komohana. Ma muli o kēia mau ʻokoʻa nui, ua hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻEulopa Komohana i ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka lehulehu o ʻEulopa Hikina e noho ana i nā ʻāina i hele mai Polani a i nā steppes Lūkia a mai Ukraine a i nā Balkans.

ʻO ka akeakamai Kelemania, ʻo Martin Buber
  1. ʻO ka fin de siècle wā (ka hopena o 19 a me ke kenekulia 20) ka makahiki gula o nā pepa ʻepekema Kelemania a me ka akeakamai.
  2. ʻO kēia wā he makahiki ʻilihune nui loa ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa.
  3. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ʻEulopa i hōʻike ʻia iā lākou iho i nā ʻano he nui. Ua waiwai, moʻomeheu a sophisticated ʻo ʻEulopa Komohana.

He aha ka mea maoli no ka hui kaiaulu o ʻEulopa, a ʻo ia pū kekahi no ka honua Iudaio. ʻO ko Napoleon hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā Iudaio mai nā ghettos o Palani a me Kelemania i hopena i ka acculturation Iudaio i loko o ke kaiāulu o Western Europe.

Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe Iudaio ʻEulopa Komohana i ka ʻōlelo a ko lākou lāhui a lawe i nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu ʻEulopa. Nui ka poʻe i aʻo ʻia ma nā kula ʻoi loa o ʻEulopa. E like me ka hihia o ko lākou mau makaʻāina, nui nā Iudaio ʻEulopa Komohana i nānā i lalo i ka Iudaio ʻEulopa Iudaio. He ilihune ka poʻe lehulehu o Polani, Lūkia a me Iudaio Iudaio ma ka ʻōlelo komohana a me ka moʻomeheu. Noho lākou i nā kauhale i kapa ʻia shtetls (e like me ia i wehewehe ʻia ma "Fiddler on the Roof"). Ua ʻike nā Iudaio ʻEulopa o ʻAulopa a me ʻAmelika i ko lākou mau hoahānau hikina ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o nā mea āpau a lākou e ʻimi ai e pakele.

Aia ma kēia ʻāina mokuāhana ka Iudaio nui ʻO ka akeakamai Kelemania, Martin Buber (1878-1965), lilo ka hapa mua o kona ola.

I loko o nā makahiki he iwakālua o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo Buber kekahi o nā akeakamai nui o Kelemania. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea puni i ke ola Iudaio o ʻEulopa Hema a lilo i alahaka e pili ana i kēia mau honua ʻelua.

Ma mua o ke ala ʻana o Nazi Kelemania, he polopeka ʻo Buber ma ke Kulanui o Frankfort a he mea kākau kākau i ka ʻōlelo Kelemania a me ka Hebera. ʻO kāna hana akeakamai "Ich und Du" (I a me ʻoe) e heluhelu mau ʻia nei a puni ka honua.

He nui nā loiloi moʻokalaleo a me nā akeakamai i manaʻo iā Buber he pilikua ia o ke kinetelope o ke kenekulia 20 a me ka noʻonoʻo kaiaulu. He mana nui kāna hana aʻo i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka anthropology olakino, psychology noʻonoʻo, a me ka manaʻo pedagogic. He mea unuhi Baibala kekahi. ʻO kā Buber lāua ʻo Rosenzweig unuhi ʻana i ka Palapala Hemolele Hebera kahi papa mele Kelemania ia.

Ua lilo ʻo Buber i mea hoihoi i ka honua o ko Iudaio ʻEulopa ola i ka ola. ʻOiai ʻo ka nānā ʻana o kāna mau hoapili ma ka shtetl, ua ʻike ʻo Buber aia ma lalo o kēia mau kaiāulu nā papa helehelena o ka lehulehu, e waiho ana kahi honua kaiaulu a ikaika, kahi honua i paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka sociologically. ʻO kāna hana moʻokalaleo kaulana "Chassidic Tales" ʻaʻole i hāʻawi wale i ka hanohano i kahi kaiāulu hoʻowahāwahā ʻia, akā ua hōʻike ia ʻaʻole ka manaʻo akeakamai hohonu wale nō ka panalāʻau o nā kālaiʻike komohana.

Ua lawe mai ʻo Buber i ke ola ʻaʻole wale ka ʻaoʻao kūlike o ke ola shtetl akā ʻo kāna mau pilina ʻuhane me ke Akua.

Hoʻokipa "kono" ʻo Buber iā mākou i ke ola o ka shtetl. Hōʻike ʻo ia i kēia mau kauhale, ʻoiai ʻilihuna i nā waiwai o ka honua, ua waiwai i nā kuʻuna a me ka ʻuhane.

ʻO ka heluhelu ʻana i nā hana a Buber ʻike mākou i ka poʻe i koi ʻia e noho i waenakonu o ka ʻilihune a me ka manaʻo nui i hiki ke hoʻololi i nā manaʻolana i nā hana a me ka inaina i ke aloha.

Hiki iā mākou ke heluhelu i nā “Chasidic Tales” a Buber's ma nā pae ʻelua. Ma ka pae mua, heluhelu mākou i nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei e ulu i loko o kahi honua ʻenemi, kahi honua kahi e ola nei kahi kokoke i ka hana mana. Ma kahi pae hohonu, ʻike mākou i kahi akeakamai paʻakikī e aʻo i ka mea heluhelu i ka exuberance i ke ola i waenakonu o ka manaʻolana ʻole.

Ma loko o kā Buber hana, ʻike mākou i ka lilo ʻana o ko shtetl poʻe noho i mau hoa no ke Akua. ʻAʻole like me ka "sophisticated" o ʻEulopa Komohana, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo kēia mau kamaʻāina "unsophisticated" e wehewehe i ke Akua. Noho wale lākou i kahi pilina mau me ke Akua. Hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ka poʻe o ka shtetl i nā huaʻōlelo. ʻOiai ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me ke Akua, hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā manaʻo ma o ke mele o ka "neegoon": kahi mele me ka ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo, nona ke oli i hoʻokokoke aku ai iā lākou i ke Akua.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Martin Buber i kēia mau kaʻao, wahī iā lākou i loko o ka ʻūlapa sophisticated sophisticated, a ua lanakila no lākou i kahi ʻano mahalo i loko o ka Honua Komohana.

ʻO kāna mau puke: "Hundert chassidische Geschichten" (Hoʻokahi haneli Chassidic tales) a me "Die Erzählungen der Chassidim" (Hasidic Stories) i hōʻike i ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane ma waena o ka ilihune a hōʻike i ka honua i nā ʻike hou i ka naʻauao.

Ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i ka pili ʻana i ka hilinaʻi nui o ka East European Jewry me ka ola maloʻo maloʻo o West sophisticated, e waiho ana iā mākou i ka nīnau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā hui?

Ua hōʻike ʻo Buber i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻoihana komohana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai i ka honua o ka shtetl aia ka ʻimi o ka piha. Ua hōʻike pū ʻo Buber i ke akeakamai o ke komohana i ka manaʻo o tzimtzum: ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi akua a no laila e ʻae ana i ka hoʻāno o ka mea maʻamau. Ke heluhelu nei iā Buber, ʻike mākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kamaʻāina o shtetls i ke Akua ma nā wahi āpau no ka mea ua hana ke Akua i kahi e ulu ai nā kānaka.

ʻAʻole kū ʻo Buber me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka lāhui kanaka a me ke Akua (bein adam la-makom) akā komo pū i loko o ka honua o ka pilina kanaka (bein adam l'chaero).

No Buber ʻo ia wale nō nā pilina ma waena o nā poʻe e hana i kahi kapa o ke aloha a me ka pale ʻana i ke anuanu o ka inaina a me ka hoʻokae. I ka honua o Buber, ʻaʻohe mahele ma waena o ka politika a me ka ʻuhane, ma waena o ka hana a me ka pule, ma waena o nā hana o ka hale a me ka hanohano. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, i ka mea pohihihi akā ʻike maopopo ʻia, i ka launa pū ma waena o ke kanaka a me ke ola. Hōʻike ʻo Buber pehea e loli ai kēia mau pilina i kahi honua puʻuwai a ma o nā kuʻuna e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai ke ola.

Ma ka hōʻike a Buber o ka shtetl, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. Ma kahi o, aia ka ʻimi no teshuvah, ka huli ʻana a hoʻi i ke Akua me ka piha o kekahi.

Hōʻike ʻo Buber iā mākou, e like me Sholom Aleichem e pili ana i kaʻu i kākau ai i ka mahina i hala, ka poʻe maʻamau i ʻike i ke Akua i nā hana maʻamau o ke ola. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka o Buber ma ʻō aku o ke kanaka, akā e ola i ko lākou ola ma ke ʻano he kanaka e hoʻopili ai me ke Akua. Hōʻike ʻo Buber i kēia hana ma o ke kanaka o ka tzadik (alakaʻi ʻuhane a me ke kaiāulu). Hoʻohanohano ka tzadik i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻāno ia, ma o ka hana mana o ka hoʻāno ʻana i nā hana maʻamau a hoʻohaunaele ʻole o ke ola.

Hōʻike nā kākau a Buber i kahi honua i hala ʻole.

Ua luku ʻia e ka inaina o ka Nazi ʻEulopa a me kāna kai hoʻowahāwahā, koe wale mākou me nā moʻolelo, akā he mau moʻolelo kēia e waiwai ai ke ola, a no ka mea akeakamai Kelemania noʻonoʻo pono i mahuka ʻo Kelemania a hoʻokumu hou i kona ola. i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolaʻa i ka mea maʻamau a ʻike i ke Akua i nā mea āpau a mākou e hana ai.

ʻO Peter Tarlow iʻO ka rabbi emeritus ma Texas A&M Hillel Foundation ma ke Kulanui College. He kahunapule ʻo ia no ke Keʻena Makai ʻoihana Kāleka a aʻo aku ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui ʻo Medicine A&M Texas.

No ka mea kākau

Avatar o Kauka Peter E. Tarlow

ʻO Kauka Peter E. Tarlow

ʻO Kauka Peter E. Tarlow he mea haʻiʻōlelo kaulana a he loea i ka hopena o ka hewa a me ka hoʻoweliweli ma ka ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi, ka hanana a me ka hoʻokele hoʻokele hoʻokele, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Mai ka makahiki 1990, ua kōkua ʻo Tarlow i ke kaiāulu mākaʻikaʻi me nā pilikia e like me ka palekana huakaʻi a me ka palekana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, ke kūʻai aku ʻana, a me ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo.

Ma ke ʻano he mea kākau kaulana i ke kahua o ka palekana mākaʻikaʻi, he mea kākau ʻo Tarlow i nā puke he nui e pili ana i ka palekana o ka mākaʻikaʻi, a hoʻopuka i nā ʻatikala noiʻi a me nā noiʻi noiʻi e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka palekana me nā ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma The Futurist, the Journal of Travel Research and Hooponopono Palekana. Aia i loko o nā ʻatikala ʻoihana a me nā ʻatikala a Tarlow nā ʻatikala e pili ana i nā kumuhana e like me: "ka mākaʻikaʻi pōʻeleʻele", nā manaʻo hoʻoweliweli, a me ka hoʻomohala waiwai ma o ka mākaʻikaʻi, hoʻomana a me ka hoʻoweliweli a me ka huakaʻi holo moana. Ua kākau a hoʻopuka ʻo Tarlow i ka nūhou huakaʻi kaulana ma ka laina ʻo Tourism Tidbits i heluhelu ʻia e nā tausani o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā ʻoihana huakaʻi a puni ka honua ma kāna ʻōlelo Pelekane, Paniolo a me Pukiki.

https://safertourism.com/

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