Mōʻaukala Hotel: Libby's Hotel a me nā ʻauʻau, New York, NY

1. Hoʻomaka nā hui molaki e hāʻawi i nā palekana i kākoʻo ʻia i ka molaki, kahi ʻano hoʻopukapuka hou.
2. ʻO kekahi o nā hale hou ka Libby's Hotel a me Baths 12-papa, i kūkulu ʻia ma 1926 ma ke kihi o Chrystie a me nā Delancey Streets ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina ma lalo o New York.
3. ʻO ia ka hōkele waiwai Iudaio mua a pau me kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, hale hoʻoikaika kino o kēia manawa, ʻauʻau Rūkia-Tureke a me nā lumi i wehe ʻia i ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO Max Bernstein ka mea hoʻomohala, kahi malihini mai Slutzk, Lūkia, i hōʻea i New York me kona ʻohana ma 1900 i ka makahiki 11 o Max. ʻO nā alanui kahi a Max i ulu ai ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o lalo i piha i nā mea kūʻai aku pahu ukana, ʻo kekahi me nā kaʻa kauō lio, nā keiki e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani alanui a me nā poʻe noho noho heumi e launa pū ana ma luna o nā kūpaka. Minamina, i ka manawa i make ai kona makuahine ʻo Libby i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua holo ʻo Max mai ka home a noho i ka pō ma kahi paka liʻiliʻi kokoke. I nā makahiki i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Max ʻo kāna moemoeā no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Hotel ʻo Libby ma ke kihi o Chrystie a me Delancey Streets i hele mai i ona lā i kēlā pō.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o nā hale ʻaina, ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia o Libby's, ua hiki iā Max ke loaʻa ka ʻāina ma kāna kihi punahele kahi i kūkulu ai ʻo ia i ka hōkele i wehe ʻia ma ka lā 5 o ʻApelila 1926. ka nui o ka ikehu a me ke kālā i kahi hoʻolaha hoʻolaha nui i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Yiddish he nui i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka lā wehe, ka New York Times hui pū i nā pepa ʻē aʻe i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka wehe nui. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka Libby Hotel i kahi lumi lawaiʻa lua-nui kupaianaha me ka palena plaster kala nui i kākoʻo ʻia e nā kolamu marble flute. He lumi lumi ko ka hōkele, lumi lumi a me ʻelua hale ʻaina halal. Ua mālama ʻo Max i nā hanana aloha a me nā papa ʻauʻau no nā keiki kaiāulu.

Hoʻolahalaha ka Libby Hotel mai ke kahua lekiō Yiddish mua, WFBH (mai ka piko o ka westide Hotel Majestic) e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa kaulana, hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā mea e like me Sol Hurok, Rube Goldberg a me George Jessel. ʻAʻole mālama ʻo Bernstein i kahi uku, ʻo ka hoʻolimalima ʻana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mele ʻo Josef Cherniavsky, alakaʻi o ka Yiddish-American Jazz Band a kaulana hoʻi ma ka inoa ʻo ka Iudaio Paul Whiteman. No kāna mau makahiki ʻelua mua, ua kūleʻa nui ka hōkele akā ma ka hopena o 1928, ua hiolo ka hale i loko.

ʻO kahi momona ua wehe ʻia nā hōkele hou ma Nu Ioka. He nui, i mea e hoʻomau ai ka hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻomaka e mālama i nā Iudaio, e hoʻomoe ana iā Max's clientele. Ua hiki paha iā Max ke hoʻokūkū inā ʻaʻole i kū i mua ke ʻano o kona naʻau; ma ʻOkakopa 20, 1926, ua make kāna wahine ʻo Sarah. I kahi hoʻokolokolo ma hope, ua hōʻike ʻo Max i ke kaumaha i loaʻa iā ia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana.

Eia kekahi, ʻo kāna mea hōʻaiʻē nui ka American Bond and Mortgage Company (AMBAM), kahi hōʻaiʻē predatory hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia. Ma mua pono o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka makeke kūʻai ʻo 1929, ua kāʻei ʻia ʻo AMBAM ma ka hōkele a i kahi ʻano ʻē o ka hopena, ua koho ʻo Meia Jimmy Walker iā Joseph Force Crater, he loio i pili iā Tammany ma ke ʻano he loaʻa. Wahi a Judge Crater, ua ʻike paha ʻo AMBAM i ka hoʻolālā o ke kūlanakauhale e hoʻonui i ke Alanui Chrystie. I nā hanana āpau, ua ʻōlelo ʻo AMBAM i kēia manawa he $ 3.2 miliona ka waiwai o ka hōkele (ma hope o ka helu ʻana iā Libby's Hotel ma $ 1.3 miliona wale nō no ka wānana). Ma o ke kūlana koʻikoʻi, ua lilo ke kuleana o New York City a uku aku iā AMBAM $ 2.85 miliona. Ua wāwahi ʻia ke kūlanakauhale i nā hale i loko o ka palaka me Max Bernstein's Libby's Hotel a me Baths.

Akā he mea hou aʻe i ka moʻolelo. I ka makahiki 1931, ua ahewa ʻia ʻo AMBAM no kekahi papahana like e pili ana i ka Hotel Hotel Mayflower ma Wakinekona, ʻo DC ʻO Judge Crater ka mea i loaʻa no ka wānana o Mayflower. Ua nalowale ʻo ia i ʻehā mau mahina ma hope mai a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia mai ia wā. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke alanui Chrystie, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Great Depression a i ka hopena, ua lilo ka pūnaewele i ka Sara Delano Roosevelt Park na Robert Moses.

I ka make ʻana o Max Bernstein ma Kēkēmapa 13, 1946, ka New York Times Ua kākau ʻo ka obituary: "ʻO Max Bernstein, 57, I ka manawa nona ka hōkele ... kūkulu $ 3,000,000 Edifice ma Slums, e ʻike wale ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Māmā Razed."

ʻO ia ka hopena o kēia moʻolelo hoihoi wale nō koe ka Pakn Treger * Ua hōʻike ʻatikala i ka hopena aʻe:

Ua hala ka moʻolelo o Libby i loko o ka pouli a hiki i ke kauwela o 2001, i ka wā i komo ai kahi ʻāpana o ke keʻena kokoke i ke kihi o Chrystie a me nā Delancey Streets e hana ana i kahi poho. Ua ulu a lawa ka lua e ale i kahi kumulāʻau holoʻokoʻa a hoʻomaka e komo i nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kikowaena kiʻekiʻe kokoke ma Sara Delano Roosevelt Park. I kēlā mau lā hala ʻole ma mua o Kepakemapa 11, ʻo ka sinkhole ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui e kū ana i lalo o Manhattan.

ʻAʻole ʻike nā ʻenekini o ke kūlanakauhale i ke kumu, no laila ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa lākou i kahi kāmela i ka ʻole. ʻO kā lākou pūʻiwa, 22 kapuaʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili i loaʻa iā lākou kahi lumi paʻa, piha me nā pahu puke. I kā lākou ʻimi ʻana i nā moʻolelo ma ka Archives o Munisipalā, ua ʻike lākou ua kū ʻo Libby's Hotel ma laila a ua ʻike lākou i kahi lumi i loko o ka papa. I ka a New York Times ʻatikala mai Kepakemapa 11, 2001, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke Komisina o nā Pāka ʻo New York City Henry J. Stern i ka ʻōlelo ʻana, "Hoʻomanaʻo ia iaʻu no Pompeii."

ʻOkoʻa iā Pompeii, ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo e hoʻāʻo i ka lumi a ʻeli paha iā ia. Ua koho nā ʻenekinia o ke kūlanakauhale e hoʻopiha iā ia me ka grout, ke kanu ʻana i ka lumi a me nā mea pohihihi. Ua kanu ʻia kahi kumulāʻau hou, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka pā.

* "Ritz me kahi Shvitz" na Shulamith Berger lāua ʻo Jai Ziona, ʻO Pakn Treger, Puna 2009

Ua hoʻopuka ʻia kāna puke hou "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2".

Nā puke hōkele ʻē aʻe i paʻi ʻia:

• Nā Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui: Nā Paionia o ka ʻOhana Hotel (2009)

• Kūkulu ʻia e Noho Lā: 100+ Mau Hōkele Makahiki Ma Nu Ioka (2011)

• Kukulu ʻia a hala i hope: 100+ mau makahiki mau makahiki ma ka Hikina o ka Misisipi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar o ka Waldorf (2014)

• Nā Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui Volume 2: Nā Paionia o ka ʻOhana Hotel (2016)

• Kukulu ʻia a hala i hope: 100+ mau makahiki mau makahiki ma ke komohana o ka Misisipi (2017)

• Hotel Mavens Volume 2: ʻO Henry Morrison Flagler, ʻO Henry Bradley Plant, ʻo Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Nā Luna Nui Hōkele ʻAmelika Nui Volume I (2019)

• Mavens Hotel: Volume 3: ʻO Bob lāua ʻo Larry Tisch, ʻo Ralph Hitz, ʻo Cesar Ritz, ʻo Curt Strand

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