ʻO ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi a kaulana o ka ʻoihana mokulele ua piha i nā hoʻāʻo a me nā pilikia i nā makahiki i hoʻāʻo i nā ʻoihana i ko lākou mau palena a lilo i mea hoʻoikaika no ka loli.
Ua nānā ka poʻe loea ʻoihana mokulele i ʻelima mau hanana i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻāpana a ua hoʻololi mau i ka mokulele.
ʻO ka pōʻino ea nui loa o ka honua
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he kakaikahi loa nā ulia ea a ke hoʻomau nei ka huakaʻi ma ka mokulele i kahi ʻano huakaʻi palekana loa o ka honua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ka NTSB, ʻo ka manawa o ka holo ʻana i kahi mokulele mokulele ʻoihana e pili ana i kahi ulia pōpilikia ma kahi o 1 i 20 miliona, ʻoiai ʻo ka manawa o ka make he 1 liʻiliʻi ma 3.37 biliona.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka palekana i ka ʻoihana mokulele he mea nui loa - ʻo nā pailaka, nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻokele ea ea he mākaukau loa a hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka palekana.
Eia naʻe, i nā lā mua o ka mokulele, i ka wā o ka lele ʻana i kona wā kamaliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ulia. I ka makahiki 1908, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka make ʻana o ka mokulele mokulele mua i ka wā i make ai ʻo Lt. Thomas Selfridge ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi Wright Flyer, i hoʻokele ʻia e Orville Wright, i ka wā o ka lele hoʻokolokolo ma Virginia, USA. ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1919 i ka wā i hāʻule ai ka mokulele kalepa mua, ʻo Caproni Ca.48, ma Verona a make nā mea a pau ma luna o ka moku.
I ka makahiki 1977, ua waiho ka ulia ea make loa o ka honua i ka hoʻoilina ma luna o nā lula a me nā koi o ka mokulele honua.
ʻO ka pōʻino o ke kahua mokulele ʻo Tenerife i ka wā i hui ai ʻelua mau mokulele mokulele Boeing 747 ma ke alahele ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Los Rodeos a make 583 mau kānaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ua hoʻāʻo hewa ke kāpena o kekahi o nā mokulele, i hoʻokele ʻia e KLM, e lele i ka wā e holo kaʻa ana ka mokulele Pan Am ma ke ala.
Ua hōʻike ka pōʻino i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā kamaʻilio radio āpau ma mua o nā colloquialisms, e like me 'OK', me ka heluhelu ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke aʻo ʻana e hōʻoia i ka ʻike like ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā mokulele mokulele a me nā lā hoʻomaha pōʻai
Ua hoʻololi ka huakaʻi mokulele kālā i ka ʻoihana mokulele a ua loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui aʻe ma mua o ka wā ma mua i hiki iā lākou ke hauʻoli i ka ʻike o ka huakaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē a i nā wahi mamao loa.
ʻO ka mea lawe haʻahaʻa mua loa o ka honua Hawaiian Airlines, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1967 e Herb Kelleher lāua ʻo Rollin King. I ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻomaka ka hui ʻo Texas e hana ma ke ʻano he mokulele intrastate ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi lawelawe interstate kūloko ma 1979. ʻO ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i hoʻohana ʻia e Southwest i hoʻokumu i nā kumu no nā mea lawe ʻole ʻole, me EasyJet a me Ryanair.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo o ke komohana hema ma luna o ʻehā mau loina e kākoʻo ana i ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻoihana mokulele. ʻO kēia wale nō ka lele ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻano mokulele, me ka manaʻo e ʻoki i nā kumukūʻai hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻohuli i ka mokulele i ka wikiwiki a mālama i nā mea maʻalahi ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā noho ma nā mokulele, ma kahi o ka hana ʻana i nā papahana kūpaʻa a me nā mea hoʻohui like.
Ka pele pele a me ka mokulele ʻo British Airways 009
ʻO ka hū ʻana o Eyjafjallajökull i ka makahiki 2010 kekahi o nā hanana hou loa o ka lehu pele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka mokulele, akā ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo ia ke ao o ka lehu pele i ka makahiki 1982 mai mauna Galunggung ma Jakarta. Ua koi ʻia ʻo British Airways Flight 009 e hana i kahi pae ulia pōpilikia ma hope o ka lele ʻana ma ke ao lua pele, kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai nā ʻenekini ʻehā.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻohe mea i waiho ʻia e ka poʻe meteorologists a ʻo ka 2010 Eyjafjallajökull pele, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pele i hoʻokele ʻia i ke kinoea pahū a no laila ʻoi loa ka pōʻino, ua manaʻo ʻia he pōʻino nui no ka mokulele. ʻO ka hopena, ua kāpae ʻia nā huakaʻi a pau i ʻEulopa a me nā mokulele i loko o ka ʻāina no ʻehiku mau lā - ʻo ka pilikia nui loa i ka huakaʻi mokulele mai ke Kaua Honua II. Ua manaʻo ka IATA ua nalowale ka ʻoihana i $ 200 miliona no kēlā me kēia lā ua pani ʻia ka mokulele ma ʻEulopa.
9/11
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua hoʻoweliweli ʻo Kepakemapa 11 i ka US he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana mokulele kalepa, kahi i haʻaheo lōʻihi ai i ka palekana a me ka palekana o nā poʻe holo.
Ma hope o ka hopu ʻana o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli he ʻumikūmāiwa i ʻehā mau mokulele kalepa ma US, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua - ka poʻe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lele ʻana e lawe a mālama i ka mokulele - ua hoʻokuʻi i nā mokulele i nā ʻāina kaulana ʻAmelika, me ka World Trade Center ma New York City a me ke keʻena nui o ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika. , ka Pentagon ma Vireginia.
ʻO nā hoʻouka kaua i hoʻopau i nā ola o 2,977 poʻe a noho mau ka poʻe make loa o ka honua ma ka mōʻaukala.
ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka palekana o ka mokulele ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahua mokulele a me ka palekana o ka cockpit.
Ma US, ua hiki ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana no kekahi me ka ʻole o ka tikiki e hele pū me ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha ma o ka palekana i ka puka haʻalele. Ua hoʻololi koke ʻia kēia a hiki i nā poʻe holo kaʻa me nā tiketi ke hele i ka palekana i ka haʻalele ʻana.
Ua ʻae kekahi mau mokulele e lawe i nā pahi liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka moku. Ma ka hihia o 9/11, ʻekolu o ka poʻe hijackers i hoʻopau i nā mea ʻike metala i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka palekana. ʻOiai ke nānā ʻia me kahi mea ʻike lima paʻa, ua ʻae ʻia lākou. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ma hope ua loaʻa iā lākou nā mea ʻoki pahu i ʻoki ʻia i kā lākou ʻeke hope - kahi mea i ʻae ʻia ma kekahi mokulele i kēlā manawa. Mai ia manawa, nui nā mokulele i hoʻokomo i nā mīkini ʻimi kino piha e ʻike i nā mea kaua huna a me nā mea pahū me ka pololei o ka millimeter.
Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā mākaʻikaʻi ʻike a ʻo nā poʻe holo kaʻa e holo ana ma nā mokulele kūloko i kēia manawa e koi i kahi ʻano ID kiʻi kūpono e hele ai.
Kaneka-COVID-19
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i hala iho nei he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana mokulele. No ka manawa mua ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia nā mokulele a puni ka honua no kahi lōʻihi ʻole. Ua loaʻa nā poho nui no ka ʻoihana mokulele mokulele a ua hoʻopau ʻia nā haneli o nā limahana.
ʻOiai ke hoʻi mālie nei ka huakaʻi ea i nā pae ma mua o 2019, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hopena no ka ʻoihana mokulele ʻoihana i kahi mamao a ākea me nā pilikia he nui i kēia manawa.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻopōʻino nā hoʻololi a pau a ʻo ka ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka wā ma mua, ua apo piha i ka ʻenehana hou a me nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻonui i ka streamline, palekana a me ka leʻaleʻa o ka huakaʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike maka ma ka palekana a me nā kuʻuna a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu, ʻaʻole wale no ka tikiki ʻana akā he pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻike ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kahua mokulele a me ka ʻoliʻoli i ka mokulele.
He aha e lawe ʻia mai kēia ʻatikala:
- In fact, according to the NTSB, the chances of being on a commercial airline flight that is involved in a fatal accident is around 1 in 20 million, while the chances of dying are a tiny 1 in 3.
- After nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners in the US, the attackers – who included flight-trained individuals to take over and control the aircraft – crashed the planes into prominent American landmarks, including the World Trade Center in New York City and the American military's headquarters, the Pentagon in Virginia.
- ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua hoʻoweliweli ʻo Kepakemapa 11 i ka US he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana mokulele kalepa, kahi i haʻaheo lōʻihi ai i ka palekana a me ka palekana o nā poʻe holo.
