ʻO ka hapa nui o ka honua i ʻike iā Petra, ka luku kahiko i loko o Ioredane o kēia manawa i hoʻohanohano ʻia ma ka poema ma ke ʻano he "kūlanakauhale ʻulaʻula rose, 'hapa like me ka wā," a nāna i hāʻawi i ke kua o ka climactic no "Indiana Jones a me ka hope. Crusade.”
Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike iā Madain Saleh, kahi waiwai like ʻole i kūkulu ʻia e ka moʻomeheu like, nā Nabateans.
ʻO ia no ka mea aia ma Saudi Arabia, kahi i huhū nui ai ka poʻe conservatives i nā paena pagan, Iudaio a me Kalikiano ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Islam i ke kenekulia 7.
Akā i kēia manawa, ma kahi hoʻololi mālie akā kaulana, ua wehe ke aupuni i kahi archeology boom ma ka ʻae ʻana i nā kālaihonua Saudi a me nā haole e ʻimi i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ala kalepa i nalowale i ka wao nahele.
Holo hohonu ka sensitivities. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka poʻe kālaihonua ʻaʻole e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea i loaʻa ma mua o ka Islam ma waho o ka palapala naʻauao. He liʻiliʻi nā waiwai kahiko i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻomana Karistiano a Iudaio. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hale pule 4 a i ʻole 5 ma ka hikina o Saudi Arabia mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana he 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ua hūnā ʻia kona wahi kikoʻī.
I ka maka o nā conservatives, ʻo ka ʻāina kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo Islam a i hānau ʻia ai ke kāula ʻo Muhammad e pono e noho maʻemaʻe Muslim. Ua pāpā ʻo Saudi Arabia i nā hōʻike ākea o nā keʻa a me nā hale pule, a i ka wā e ʻeli ʻia ai nā mea waiwai ʻole Islam, pono e mālama ʻia ka nūhou i ʻole e luku ʻia nā mea i loaʻa.
"Pono lākou e waiho ʻia i ka lepo," wahi a Sheikh Mohammed al-Nujaimi, he kahuna pule kaulana, e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo o nā alakaʻi hoʻomana. "ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopā ʻia nā wahi ʻino o ka poʻe ʻaʻole Muslim. E waiho iā lākou ma kahi, e like me ko lākou noho ʻana no nā tausani makahiki.
Ma kahi ninaninau, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e ʻōlelo paha nā Karistiano a me nā Iudaio i ka ʻike ʻana i nā relics, a e huhū ka poʻe Mahometa inā e hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona kahiko o nā hoʻomana ʻē aʻe. "Pehea e hiki ai ke hōʻike ʻia nā keʻa inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻo Islam ua kau ʻia ʻo Kristo ma ke keʻa?" wahi a al-Nujaimi. "Inā mākou e hōʻike iā lākou, me he mea lā ua ʻike mākou i ke kau ʻana ma ke kea."
I ka wā ma mua, ua kāohi nā luna o Saudi i nā mea kālaihonua haole e hāʻawi i ke kōkua ʻenehana i nā hui Saudi. E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻomaka lākou i kahi kaʻina hana lohi o ka hōʻoluʻolu i hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki i hala me nā hui ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Saudi e hoʻomaka ana i nā ʻeli koʻikoʻi ma nā wahi i hele maʻalahi ʻia, inā paha.
I ka manawa like, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā luna e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lehulehu Saudi me ka manaʻo o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wā i hala, ma kahi ʻāpana e hoʻomohala i ka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka pani ʻia ʻana, ʻo Madain Saleh 2,000 mau makahiki ʻo Saudi Arabia ka UNESCO World Heritage Site mua a ua wehe ʻia i nā mākaʻikaʻi. I kēia manawa ke haʻi aku nei ka nūhou mokuʻāina i nā mea i ʻike ʻia a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike kahiko liʻiliʻi o ke aupuni.
"He hoʻololi nui kēia," wahi a Christian Robin, he kanaka kālaihonua Farani alakaʻi a he lālā o ke College de France. Ke hana nei ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o Najran, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Baibala ma ka inoa ʻo Raamah a he kikowaena hoʻi o nā aupuni Iudaio a me Kalikiano.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā mea hana Karistiano ma Najran, wahi āna.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana ʻo Prince Sultan bin Salman o ka ʻohana aliʻi, ʻo ia ka Saudi mua ma ka lewa i kona lele ʻana ma luna o ka US space shuttle Discovery ma 1985. ʻO ia ke kākau ʻōlelo nui o ke aupuni Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities.
ʻO Dhaifallah Altalhi, ke poʻo o ke keʻena noiʻi o ke komisina ma ke aupuni Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities, i ʻōlelo ʻia aia he 4,000 mau pūnaewele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o nā manawa like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻeli ma nā kahua pre-Islamic.
"Hana like mākou i kā mākou mau pūnaewele āpau," wahi a Altalhi. "He ʻāpana kēia o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻāina a pono e pale a hoʻomohala ʻia." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he manuahi ka poʻe kālaihonua e ʻimi a kūkākūkā i kā lākou ʻike ma nā wahi kula.
Akā naʻe, makaʻala nā archeologists. Ua hōʻole kekahi e haʻi i ka The Associated Press i kā lākou hana ma ke aupuni.
He waiwai nui ka Arabian Peninsula, kahi ʻāina kokoke ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka poʻe kālaihonua. I ka wā ma mua o ka Islam, ua puni ia i nā aupuni liʻiliʻi a ua hoʻopili ʻia e nā ala huakaʻi i ke Kaiwaenahonua. ʻO ka poʻe Arab kahiko - Nabateans, Lihyans, Thamud - i hui pū me ʻAsuria a me Babulona, Roma a me Helene.
ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana iā lākou.
ʻO Najran, i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻouka ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o Muhammad e Dhu Nawas, he aliʻi o ke aupuni Himyar ma Yemen e pili ana. He mea huli i ka Iudaio, pepehi ʻo ia i nā ʻohana Karistiano, me ka waiho ʻana i nā palapala lanakila i kālai ʻia ma nā pōhaku.
Ma Jurash kokoke, kahi kahua i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma nā mauna e nānā ana i ke Kaiʻula, kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e David Graf o ke Kulanui o Miami e wehe ana i kahi kūlanakauhale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i 500 BC Hiki i ka ʻeli ke hoʻopiha i ka ʻike o nā ala ala e holo ana ma waena. ka wahi a me ka launa pū ʻana o nā aupuni o ka ʻāina ma kahi o 1,000 makahiki.
A ke hana nei kahi huakaʻi Farani-Saudi i ka ʻeli nui loa i nā makahiki he mau makahiki ma Madain Saleh. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale, i kapa ʻia ʻo al-Hijr, ʻoi aku ma mua o 130 mau hale kupapaʻu i kālai ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao mauna. Ma kahi o 724 mau kilomita mai Petra, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke aupuni Nabatean.
Ma kahi mea nui i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2000, ua ʻike ʻo Altalhi i kahi hoʻolaʻa Latin o kahi pā kūlanakauhale i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma Madain Saleh i hoʻohanohano ai i ka mōʻī Roma o ke kenekulia ʻelua ʻo Marcus Aurelius.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hakakā ʻana me nā conservatives ma luna o nā ʻeli hou, ma kahi ʻāpana no ka mea aia lākou i ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i kūkākūkā nui ʻia ma Saudi Arabia, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka i nā hoʻolaha o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Karistiano a i ʻole ka Iudaio.
Akā ʻo ke kāhea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻāina mai nā hoʻomana ʻē aʻe e holo hohonu ana i waena o nā Saudis he nui. ʻOiai ua wehe ʻia kahi kahua ʻo Madain Saleh no ka mākaʻikaʻi, nui ka poʻe Saudis e hōʻole e kipa ma nā kahua hoʻomana no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ka Quran ua luku ke Akua iā ia no kāna mau hewa.
ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana i kekahi manawa ke kūʻē mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko e hopohopo nei e kapa ʻia ko lākou ʻāina ʻo "Kalikiano" a i ʻole "Iudaio." A ʻo ka Islam he hoʻomana iconoclastic, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea paʻakikī e hoʻopau i nā pūnaewele Islam kahiko e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i mea hoʻohanohano.
Hōʻike nā hale hōʻikeʻike Saudi i nā mea waiwai ʻole Islamic.
Hōʻike ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Riyadh i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi pre-Islamic, kahi pale gula a me kahi hoʻohālike nui o ka luakini pagan. I kekahi mau hihia hōʻike, ua helu ʻia nā kiʻi wahine, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa - ʻo ia paha ka ʻae ʻana i ka pāpā ʻana o ke aupuni i nā kiʻi o ke ʻano wahine.
ʻO kahi hōʻikeʻike liʻiliʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻo King Saud ma Riyadh e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻi olohelohe liʻiliʻi o Hercules a me Apollo i ke keleawe, kahi ʻike weliweli i kahi ʻāina kahi i kapu loa ai ka ʻōlohelohe i ke kiʻi.
I ka makahiki 1986, ua ʻike ʻole ka poʻe pīkī i kahi halepule kahiko ma ka ʻāina hikina o Jubeil. Hōʻike nā kiʻi o ka hale pōhaku maʻalahi i nā keʻa ma ka pā puka.
Ua paʻa i ka pā - no kona pale ʻana, wahi a nā luna - a ua pāpā ʻia nā mea kālaihonua mai ka nānā ʻana iā ia.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Faisal al-Zamil, he kanaka kālepa Saudi a me ka archaeologist, ua kipa pinepine ʻo ia i ka hale pule.
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi nūpepa Saudi i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka pūnaewele a ua hoʻohuli ʻia e ka mea hoʻoponopono.
"Pīhoihoi ʻo ia," wahi a al-Zamil. "Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻolaha i ka ʻāpana."
